Two-Dimensional Multilabel Active Learning with an Efficient Online Adaptation Model for Image Classification

Conventional active learning dynamically constructs the training set only along the sample dimension. While this is the right strategy in binary classification, it is suboptimal for multilabel image classification. We argue that for each selected sample, only some effective labels need to be annotated while others can be inferred by exploring the label correlations. The reason is that the contributions of different labels to minimizing the classification error are different due to the inherent label correlations. To this end, we propose to select sample-label pairs, rather than only samples, to minimize a multilabel Bayesian classification error bound. We call it two-dimensional active learning because it considers both the sample dimension and the label dimension. Furthermore, as the number of training samples increases rapidly over time due to active learning, it becomes intractable for the offline learner to retrain a new model on the whole training set. So we develop an efficient online learner to adapt the existing model with the new one by minimizing their model distance under a set of multilabel constraints. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method are evaluated on two benchmark data sets and a realistic image collection from a real-world image sharing Web site—Corbis.     

Design and implementation of an agent-based collaborative product design system

The evolution of computer science and technology has brought new opportunities for multidisciplinary designers and engineers to collaborate with each other in a concurrent and coordinated manner. The development of computational agents with unified data structures and software protocols contributes to the establishment of a new way of working in collaborative design, which is increasingly becoming an international practice. In this paper, based on the analysis of the dynamic nature of collaborative design process, a new framework for collaborative design is described. This framework adopts an agent-based approach and relocates designers, managers, systems, and the supporting agents in a unified knowledge representation scheme for product design. In order to model the constantly evolving design process and the rationales resulted from design collaboration, a Collaborative Product Data Model (CPDM) and a constraint-based Collaborative Design Process Model (CDPM) are proposed to facilitate the management and coordination of the collaborative design process as well as design knowledge management. A prototype system of the proposed framework is implemented and its feasibility is evaluated using a real design scenario whose objective is designing a set of dining table and chairs.     

Modeling Default Data Via an Interactive Hidden Markov Model

In this paper, we first introduce the use of an interactive hidden Markov model (IHMM) for modeling and analyzing default data in a sector. Under the IHMM, transitions of the hidden risk states of the sector depend on the observed number of bonds in the sector that default in the current time period. This incorporates the feedback effect of the number of defaults on the transitions of the hidden risk states. This feature seems to be more realistic and does not enjoy by the traditional HMMs. We then develop a “dynamic” version of the binomial expansion technique (BET) modulated by the IHMM for modeling the occurrence of defaults of bonds issued by firms in the same sector. Under the BET modulated by the IHMM, the number of bonds defaulting in each time period follows a Markov-modulated binomial distribution with the probability of defaulting of each bond depending on the states of the IHMM, which represent the hidden risk states of the sector. Efficient method will be presented for estimating the model parameters in the BET modulated by the IHMM. We shall compare the hidden risk state process extracted from the IHMM-modulated BET with that extracted from the BET modulated by HMM in order to illustrate the significance of the feedback effect using real data. We shall also present the estimation results for the BET modulated by the IHMM and compare them with those for the BET modulated by the HMM.     

Effects of the number of hidden nodes used in a structured-based neural network on the reliability of image classification

A structured-based neural network (NN) with backpropagation through structure (BPTS) algorithm is conducted for image classification in organizing a large image database, which is a challenging problem under investigation. Many factors can affect the results of image classification. One of the most important factors is the architecture of a NN, which consists of input layer, hidden layer and output layer. In this study, only the numbers of nodes in hidden layer (hidden nodes) of a NN are considered. Other factors are kept unchanged. Two groups of experiments including 2,940 images in each group are used for the analysis. The assessment of the effects for the first group is carried out with features described by image intensities, and, the second group uses features described by wavelet coefficients. Experimental results demonstrate that the effects of the numbers of hidden nodes on the reliability of classification are significant and non-linear. When the number of hidden nodes is 17, the classification rate on training set is up to 95%, and arrives at 90% on the testing set. The results indicate that 17 is an appropriate choice for the number of hidden nodes for the image classification when a structured-based NN with BPTS algorithm is applied.     

UV surface exposure for low temperature hydrophilic silicon direct bonding

The ultraviolet (UV) surface exposure is applied in hydrophilic silicon direct bonding as an additional treatment following the traditional wet chemical activation processes. Infrared inspection and tensile strength test are then performed. It is found that improvement in bond-rate, interface uniformity as well as high tensile strength is obtained. The mechanism of UV exposure including surface cleaning and surface modification is discussed in detail. Mixed spectrum emitted from the UV source comprising 254 and 185 nm wavelength efficiently removes the resided organic contaminations on silicon surface by photosensitization and oxidation effects. Besides, considerable hydroxyl incorporations are generated by UV reacting with surface water molecular and silicon dioxide. Thus, appropriate UV exposure will render the silicon surface more hydrophilic and improve bondability. It is concluded that as an additional cleaning and modification treatment, UV exposure is effective and promising to enhanced bond quality in low temperature hydrophilic silicon direct bonding.     

利用分块相似系数构造感知图像Hash

提出一种基于图像分块相似系数的感知稳健图像Hash.先对图像预处理,再进行重叠分块,在密钥控制下,利用高斯低通滤波器生成伪随机参考图像块,分别计算每个分块与参考图像块的相关系数得到图像特征序列.依此将相邻两个分块特征值合并以缩短Hash长度,同时对压缩后的特征序列进行重排,进一步提高图像Hash的安全性.最后对归一化特征值进行量化,并运用Huffman方法对其编码,进一步压缩Hash长度.理论分析和实验结果表明,该图像Hash方法对JPEG压缩、适度的噪声干扰、水印嵌入、图像缩放以及高斯低通滤波等常见图像处理有较好的鲁棒性,能有效区分不同图像,冲突概率低,可用于图像篡改检测.     

GSSAC:一种用于遥感影像配准的误匹配点检测方法*

遥感影像配准中,由于光照、成像角度、几何变形等因素的影响,无论采用何种配准方法,总会产生误匹配点,因此误匹配点检测也是一个非常重要的步骤。针对常用RANSAC (Random Sample Consensus)方法不稳定、无法准确检测分布不均匀匹配点的缺点,提出了分组排序采样一致性(Group Sorted Sample Consensus, GSSAC)方法来提高误匹配点检测的稳定性和精度。分组排序采样方法首先将匹配点分为若干组,在每组内计算匹配点的误差并排序,然后在每组中分别采样若干个匹配点组成估算模型参数需要的匹配点。实验结果表明,GSSAC方法可以稳定的获得高精度的检测结果。     

命名数据网络中面向移动用户的内容预取方法*

针对命名数据网络(Named Data Networking, NDN)移动性增强支持不足的问题,基于城区移动场景提出了一种基于移动预测的内容预取方法(Mobility-aware Prediction Approach for Content Prefetching, MAP-CP)及扩展方案(extended MAP-CP, eMAP-CP)。MAP-CP和eMAP-CP通过预测移动用户的下一接入点(Access Point, AP),预取在当前AP下因切换AP不能获取到的Data并缓存到所预测的下一AP相关联的NDN节点中,为切换AP后的移动用户就近服务,达到降低内容获取延迟和提高响应率的目的。eMAP-CP在MAP-CP的基础上,可预取切换AP过程中请求的Data,能够进一步提高性能。基于ndnSIM的仿真实验表明,和NDN本身相比,MAP-CP和eMAP-CP具有更低的平均内容获取延迟和更高的响应率,而且eMAP-CP更优。在移动速度为20m/s,发包速率为200pps时,MAP-CP和eMAP-CP的平均内容获取延迟可分别降低约4.0%和38.7%,响应率可分别提高约1.2%和4.9%。