建筑学虚拟仿真实验教学设计的路径探索

由于工学和艺术学兼具的专业特性、惯用试验而非实验的教学思维,建筑学虚拟仿真实验教学项目的建设存在困难.文章通过分析说明2019年度省级虚拟仿真实验教学项目之一——《历史建筑保护前期残损调研虚拟实验——以砖木建筑中的潮湿问题诊断为例》的教学设计过程及成果,展示并提议"选题-选择实验类型-确定实验内容-选择实验材料-选择实验技术"的开发路径,以应对学科特点带来的教学设计上的局限.文章最终指出,在文理综合类学科的虚拟仿真实验教学设计中,探索适宜的教学思路,以产品经理的思维执行项目开发非常重要.     

Review: Scalable Fabrication of Polymeric Nanofibers from Nano- Spinning Techniques to Emerging Applications

综述：规模化制备聚合物纳米纤维，从纳米纺丝技术到新兴应用

陆腱^?，胡泽旭^?，王倩倩，Matteo Ciprian，费翔^*，朱美芳^*

（纤维材料改性国家重点实验室，东华大学 材料科学与工程学院，上海 201620）

中文说明

由于纳米纤维具有高比表面积、高孔隙率、物理/化学改性多样化、易于实现杂化的特性，对纳米纤维的研究越来越受到产业界和学术界的关注。本文综述了近年来聚合物纳米纤维（PNFs）的制备技术进展，重点介绍了PNF的规模化生产及其在新兴领域的应用。首先简要介绍了制备PNFs的加工工艺和设备，说明了聚合物前驱体、加工工艺参数和环境条件对纳米纤维成形的影响，并讨论了过去在工业生产中制备PNF所取得的成就和面临的挑战。同时综述了制备多功能复合纳米纤维的杂化方法，包括引入有机组分进行改性、负载功能性无机纳米材料、在纳米纤维表面或内部负载生物活性组分等。基于以上杂化方法和功能性，讨论了聚合物纳米纤维以环境保护和生物医用为主的新兴应用。最后对本文的研究成果进行了总结和展望。

关键词：纳米纤维，聚合物，纳米纺丝技术，杂化，应用

     

Component-aware orchestration of cloud-based enterprise applications,from TOSCA to Docker and Kubernetes

Enterprise IT is currently facing the challenge of coordinating the management of complex, multicomponent applications across heterogeneous cloud platforms. Containers and container orchestrators provide a valuable solution to deploy multicomponent applications over cloud platforms, by coupling the lifecycle of each application component to that of its hosting container. We hereby propose a solution for going beyond such a coupling, based on the OASIS standard TOSCA and on Docker. We indeed propose a novel approach for deploying multicomponent applications on top of existing container orchestrators, which enables managing each component independently from the container used to run it. We also present prototype tools that implement our approach, and we show how we effectively exploited them to carry out a concrete case study.     

Alginate‐Encapsulated Bacteria for the Treatment of Hypersaline Solutions in Microbial Fuel Cells

A microbial fuel cell (MFC) based on a new wild‐type strain of Salinivibrio sp. allowed the self‐sustained treatment of hypersaline solutions (100 g L^?1, 1.71 m NaCl), reaching a removal of (87±11) % of the initial chemical oxygen demand after five days of operation, being the highest value achieved for hypersaline MFC. The degradation process and the evolution of the open circuit potential of the MFCs were correlated, opening the possibility for online monitoring of the treatment. The use of alginate capsules to trap bacterial cells, increasing cell density and stability, resulted in an eightfold higher power output, together with a more stable system, allowing operation up to five months with no maintenance required. The reported results are of critical importance to efforts to develop a sustainable and cost‐effective system that treats hypersaline waste streams and reduces the quantity of polluting compounds released.     

Towards real-time in-situ monitoring of hot-spot defects in L-PBF: a new classification-based method for fast video-imaging data analysis

Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing - The increasing interest towards additive manufacturing (AM) is pushing the industry to provide new solutions to improve process stability. Monitoring is a key...     

Insight into the Mechanism of Action and Peptide-Membrane Interactions of Aib-Rich Peptides: Multitechnique Experimental and Theoretical Analysis

The increase in resistant bacterial strains necessitates the identification of new antimicrobial molecules. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an attractive option because of evidence that bacteria cannot easily develop resistance to AMPs. The peptaibols, a class of naturally occurring AMPs, have shown particular promise as antimicrobial drugs, but their development has been hindered by their mechanism of action not being clearly understood. To explore how peptaibols might interact with membranes, circular dichroism, vibrational circular dichroism, linear dichroism, Raman spectroscopy, Raman optical activity, neutron reflectivity and molecular dynamics simulations have been used to study a small library of peptaibol mimics, the Aib-rich peptides. All the peptides studied quickly partitioned and oriented in membranes, and we found evidence of chiral interactions between the phospholipids and membrane-embedded peptides. The protocols presented in this paper open new ground by showing how chiro-optical spectroscopies can throw light on the mechanism of action of AMPs.     

Multifunctional Role of Chitosan Edible Coatings on Antioxidant Systems in Fruit Crops: A Review

Chitosan-based edible coatings represent an eco-friendly and biologically safe preservative tool to reduce qualitative decay of fresh and ready-to-eat fruits during post-harvest life due to their lack of toxicity, biodegradability, film-forming properties, and antimicrobial actions. Chitosan-based coatings modulate or control oxidative stress maintaining in different manner the appropriate balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fruit cells, by the interplay of pathways and enzymes involved in ROS production and the scavenging mechanisms which essentially constitute the basic ROS cycle. This review is carried out with the aim to provide comprehensive and updated over-view of the state of the art related to the effects of chitosan-based edible coatings on anti-oxidant systems, enzymatic and non-enzymatic, evaluating the induced oxidative damages during storage in whole and ready-to-eat fruits. All these aspects are broadly reviewed in this review, with particular emphasis on the literature published during the last five years.