Partition coefficient of diglycerides in crystallization of palm oil

Crystallization of palm oil with and without solvent was carried out over a temperature range of 10–25°C. The yields of olein, the diglyceride contents, and compositions of the stearin and olein phases were determined by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. The three major diglycerides, analyzed as C₃₂, C₃₄, and C₃₆, are mainly dipalmitoyl glycerol, palmitoyloleoyl glycerol, and dioleoyl glycerol. In crystallization without solvent, C₃₂ (PP) had a strong affinity for the stearin fraction and C₃₆ diglycerides concentrated in the olein phase. The partition coefficient of diglycerides between the olein and stearin phases was temperature-dependent and was influenced by the type of solvent used. Although solvent enhances the diglyceride partition into the olein phase, partitioning is more effective at low temperatures and with acetone as the solvent for fractionation.     

Effect of water on HDS of DBT over a dispersed Mo catalyst using in situ generated hydrogen

A novel process was developed for the bitumen emulsion upgrading, wherein emulsion breaking and upgrading occurred in the same reactor using H₂ generated in situ from the water in the emulsion via the water gas shift reaction (WGSR). In this study, dibenzothiophene (DBT) was chosen as a model compound to investigate the effect of water and in situ H₂ on hydrodesulfurization (HDS). All the experiments were performed in a 1-L autoclave reactor at temperatures between 300 and 380 °C using in situ H₂ and ex situ H₂ (externally supplied H₂) over a dispersed Mo catalyst formed from phosphomolybdic acid (PMA). At very low water content, water was found to promote the HDS reaction in the ex situ H₂ run probably because it facilitates the formation of more active dispersed MoS_x species. At higher water content, however, water inhibits every individual reaction in the reaction network in the HDS of DBT, blocking the hydrogenation pathway more than the hydrogenolysis pathway. The relative reactivity of the in situ and ex situ H₂ depends on the water content present in the reaction system. At an optimized mole ratio of H₂O:CO (1.35), higher HDS activity was observed in the in situ H₂ run compared to ex situ H₂ run, and particularly, the hydrogenation pathway was promoted in the in situ H₂ run.     

Analysis of epoxidized natural rubber. A comparative study of d.s.c., n.m.r., elemental analysis and direct titration methods

A comparative analysis of epoxidized natural rubber samples by ¹H and ¹³C n.m.r., titrimetric, elemental and d.s.c. techniques has been made. Whereas the titrimetric method is only applicable at low epoxy contents (< 15 mol%) both n.m.r. methods give reasonable precision over the compositional range of 20–75 mol%. Elemental analysis appears less reliable. D.s.c. analysis through measurement of T_g provides the highest precision of measurement but requires independent calibration by one or more of the primary methods. The epoxy content may also be related to the polymer density.     

江苏省地震前方指挥车应急数据信息通信方式的实现

前方指挥车是在有地震灾害事件发生时,能够立即响应,并快速到达地震震中所在地,立即开展现场信息汇集与共享、地震灾情动态评估和修正、辅助决策建议及时生成、现场资源调度和管理,实现前方指挥部与现场工作人员、国家指挥部、区域指挥部的不同应用系统之间的数据信息的共享和传递.本文主要介绍前方指挥车两种不同应急通信方式,并讨论各自的优缺点.     

IPV6技术在数字化校园建设中安全防范研究

随着校园网的日益发展,IPv6网络在我国数字化校园网中广泛部署,其安全问题也日益突出。基于我院数字化校园网庞大的实验环境,该文从分析IPV6数字化校园网的安全特点入手,对IPV6技术在我院数字化校园建设中体现的安全问题进行了分析,阐述了保证IPv6对解决我院数字化校园网安全实现的一些策略。     

A study of the kinetics of nucleation in a palm oil melt

Nucleation from a supercooled melt of palm oil was studied by optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Despite being a multicomponent system, palm oil exhibits a rather simple cooling thermogram with its high- and low-T exotherms exclusively related to the “hard” and “soft” components of the oil. As the “hard” components are being removed, the position of the high-T peak shifts down toward the low-T peak with diminishing peak intensity, while the position of the latter remains virtually unchanged. At 288°K, nucleation in a palm oil melt is instantaneous. Its induction time-temperature curve shows an abrupt discontinuity at 297°K, which demarcates the occurrence of one polymorph from another. Nucleation data fit very well into the Fisher-Turnbull equation. Its larger activation free energy of nucleation is accompanied by lowering of the melting point and an increase in the crystal/melt interfacial free energy as compared to palm stearin. The slow rate of nucleation in palm oil is attributed to intermolecular interaction between its “hard” and “soft” components. Partly presented at the 1989 PORIM International Palm Oil Development Conference, September 5–9, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.     

设备失效动态风险模型及其实证

受系统状态和设备工况的影响,设备运行中的失效风险具有动态属性.因此,在认识设备失效风险的可能性和严重性的同时,还必须认识和研究设备在系统寿命周期内失效风险的动态属性.通过对设备失效的概率和后果的影响因素(①设备自身失效率②设备实际载荷③设备在系统中的结构重要度④系统对设备的稳定性苛求度)的动态分析,将系统功能实现过程划分为若干风险稳定阶段,得出各个阶段的设备失效概率和后果严重度值,据此提出了动态风险模型.利用模型对金坛储气库水溶造腔系统进行实证研究,获得注水泵失效动态风险图,明确了造腔初期、中后期和注气排卤3个典型阶段的注水泵失效风险波动状况以及波动原因.实证研究说明,运用该分析模型可以推断系统运行周期内设备失效风险的变化状态和趋势,从而适时、有效地控制风险.     

敦煌莫高窟第158窟与粟特人关系试考(上)

本文通过对莫高窟中唐第158窟内诸多现象,包括如<各国王子举哀图>的民族属性、波斯萨珊风格的联殊雁衔珠纹、两件粟特纳骨瓮的文化意义、洞窟建筑形制与入华粟特人的丧葬习俗、涅槃经变图像的再解读、金光明最胜王经变图像的选择意义、洞窟营建的历史背景即吐蕃统治时期敦煌的粟特人、供养人画像、与邻窟张议湖功德窟的历史关联、敦煌粟特安氏的佛教信仰等问题的详细分析,论证表明该洞窟作为敦煌粟特九姓胡人功德窟的可能性.     

设备失效动态风险模型及其实证

受系统状态和设备工况的影响,设备运行中的失效风险具有动态属性。因此,在认识设备失效风险的可能性和严重性的同时,还必须认识和研究设备在系统寿命周期内失效风险的动态属性。通过对设备失效的概率和后果的影响因素（①设备自身失效率②设备实际载荷③设备在系统中的结构重要度④系统对设备的稳定性苛求度）的动态分析,将系统功能实现过程划分为若干风险稳定阶段,得出各个阶段的设备失效概率和后果严重度值,据此提出了动态风险模型。利用模型对金坛储气库水溶造腔系统进行实证研究,获得注水泵失效动态风险图,明确了造腔初期、中后期和注气排卤3个典型阶段的注水泵失效风险波动状况以及波动原因。实证研究说明,运用该分析模型可以推断系统运行周期内设备失效风险的变化状态和趋势,从而适时、有效地控制风险。