工艺参数对激光快速成形TC4钛合金组织及成形质量的影响

通过改变激光快速成形过程中激光功率、扫描速度、搭接率、Z轴增量AZ等工艺参数，研究了各工艺参数对Ti-6Al-4V合金组织及成形质量的影响规律。结果表明：随着激光功率尸的提高，柱状晶的长度逐渐变短并转变为类似等轴晶的不规则晶粒；在相同的激光功率下，柱状晶的尺度随着激光扫描速度矿的增加变得细且长；当P／V值大于933W·s／mm时，晶粒呈现等轴晶形态。存在一个临界搭接率，当搭接率为30％时，成形件内部组织基本质量良好，只是在靠近基材区域有少量的熔合不良；如搭接率小于30％，两相邻熔覆道之间的搭接区将出现形状不规则的熔合不良现象。另外，△Z过小会造成重熔深度变大，层与层的结合处组织粗大；△Z过大时会造成层间熔合不良。     

热处理工艺对截齿钎焊接头强度的影响

为获得采煤机用截齿钎焊接头的优良性能，作者研究了钎焊后热处理工艺参数对钎缝抗剪强度的影响。试验表明，高温区停留时间在保证钎焊时钎料充分熔化的前提下越短越好；冷却速度对接头的强度有较大影响，一般情况下，钎焊后由880℃冷却到200℃的时间应控制在5～20min之间；回火温度在350～450℃之间抗剪强度有低谷区。截齿钎焊采用HL105钎料，配以合适的钎剂能获得较理想的接头性能。     

DNC系统在航天制造企业的实施和应用

介绍了DNC（Distributed Numerical Control分布式数字控制）机床联网系统的功能特点以及上海航天设备制造总厂实施DNC系统的详细过程。     

冶金企业面临的严峻局面及今后工作重点

阐述了冶金企业在当前的严峻形势下，要求得生存必须转变传统观念。并提出“九五”期间的工作重点是：节能降耗、调整品种结构、提高生产率及加强决策管理。重点论述了实现节能降耗应抓好的四项工作：连铸坯一火成材与热装直轧，轧钢炉窑节能技术，轧机主传动交流调速技术及控制冷却技术。     

Coordinated Recovery of Middleware Services:A Framework and Experiments

Being the most popular runtime infrastructure for distributed systems, middleware can be viewed as a collection of common services. Since the development, deployment and maintenance of distributed systems rely largely on middleware services, the failure of middleware services puts a significant impact on the reliability and availability of the whole system. Though recovery-based fault tolerance is an effective way to improve the reliability of middleware services, it is far away from practice mainly because of the high complexity and cost of the recovery of correlated failures between interdependent services. In this paper,a framework for detecting and recovering the correlated failures of middleware services in an automated way is presented. First, the problem is investigated from two perspectives, i.e.,analyzing the role and impact of middleware services and illustrating a set of correlated failures in J2EE standard services as motivating examples. Then, a general coordinated recovery model is constructed with the elements necessary and su±cient for detecting and recovering correlated failures in middleware services. The supporting framework is demonstrated on three J2EE application servers, i.e., PKUAS, JBoss and JOnAS, one by one without fundamental modifications. Finally, based on the three enhanced application servers, many cases on J2EE common services, including the transaction service, database service, naming and directory service, security service and messaging service, are studied. The experiment results show the effectiveness and applicability of the framework presented in this paper.     

Challenges and recent progress in thermal management with heat pipes for lithium-ion power batteries in electric vehicles

Electric vehicles(EVs) are globally undergoing rapid developments, and have great potentials to replace the traditional vehicles based on fossil fuels. Power-type lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have been widely used for EVs, owing to high power densities,good charge/discharge stability, and long cycle life. The driving ranges and acceleration performances are gaining increasing concerns from customers, which depend highly on the power level of LIBs. With the increase in power outputs, rising heat generation significantly affects the battery performances, and in particular operation safety. Meanwhile, the cold-start performance is still an intractable problem under extreme conditions. These challenges put forward higher requirements for a dedicated battery thermal management system(BTMS). Compared to traditional BTMSs in EVs, the heat pipe-based BTMS has great application prospects owing to its compact structure, flexibility, low cost, and especially high thermal conductivity. Encompassing this topic, this review first introduces heat generation phenomena and temperature characteristics of LIBs. Multiple abuse conditions and thermal runaway issues are described afterward. Typical cooling and preheating methods for designing a BTMS are also discussed. More emphasis on this review is put on the use of various heat pipes for BTMSs to enhance the thermal performances of LIBs. For lack of wide application in actual EVs, more efforts should be made to extend the use of heat pipes for constructing an energy-efficient, cost-effective, and reliable BTMS to improve the performances and safety of EVs.     

Dissolved and emitted methane in the Poyang Lake

Science China Technological Sciences - Lake waters often act as important methane sources for global greenhouse gas emission, but it would be more complex as lakes are regulated by rivers. In this...     

Initial scalar lithospheric magnetic anomaly map of China and surrounding regions derived from CSES satellite data

Science China Technological Sciences - The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES), China’s first satellite to measure geophysical fields with scientific goals in both space and solid...     

Efficient photodegradation of phenol assisted by persulfate under visible light irradiation via a nitrogen-doped titanium-carbon composite

To realize the utilization of visible light and improve the photocatalytic efficiency of organic pollutant degradation in wastewater, a nitrogen-doped titanium-carbon composite (N-TiO₂/AC) prepared by sol-gel methods was applied in the photodegradation of phenol assisted by persulfate under visible light irradiation (named N-TiO₂/AC/PS/VIS). The results show that a synergistic effect exists between visible-light photocatalysis and persulfate activation. Compared with TiO₂/PS/VIS, the phenol degradation rate was found to be observably improved by 65% in the N-TiO₂/AC/PS/VIS system. This significant increase in degradation rate was mainly attributed to the following two factors: 1) The N and C doping can change the crystal structure of TiO₂, which extends the TiO₂ absorption wavelength range to the visible light region. 2) As an electron acceptor, PS can not only prevent electrons and holes from recombining with each other but can also generate strong oxidizing radicals such as ∙SO₄^– and ∙OH to accelerate the reaction dynamics. The process of phenol degradation was found to be consistent with the Langmuir pseudo-first-order kinetic model with an apparent rate constant k of 1.73 min^–1. The N-TiO₂/AC/PS/VIS process was proven to be a facile method for pollutant degradation with high pH adaptability, excellent visible-light utilization and good application prospects.     

Review on the effect of heat exchanger tubes on flow behavior and heat/mass transfer of the bubble/slurry reactors

Bubble/Slurry bubble column reactors(BCR/SBCR) are intensively used as multiphase reactors for a wide range of application in the chemical, biochemical and petrochemical industries. Most of these applications involve complicate gas–liquid/gas–liquid–solid flow behavior and exothermic process, thus it is necessary to equip the BCR/SBCR with heat exchanger tubes to remove the heat and govern the performance of the reactor. Amounts of experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to describe the phenomena taking place in BCR/SBCRs with heat exchanger tubes. Unfortunately, little effort has been put on reviewing the experiments and simulations for examining the effect of internals on the performance and hydrodynamics of BCR/SBCR. The objective of this work is to give a state-of-the-art review of the literature on the effects of heat exchanger tubes with different types and configurations on flow behavior and heat/mass transfer, then provide adequate information and scientific basis for the design and the development of heat exchanger tubes in BCR/SBCR, ultimately provide reasonable suggestions for better comprehend the performance of different heat exchanger tubes on hydrodynamics.