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131.
Hak-Yoon Kim Insoo Choi Sang Hyun Ahn Seung Jun Hwang Sung Jong Yoo Jonghee Han Jihyun Kim Hansoo Park Jong Hyun Jang Soo-Kil Kim 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2014
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to HCOOH was performed on a Sn electrode using a proton exchange membrane-embedded electrolysis cell. The effects of reaction conditions such as catholyte and anolyte types, reduction potential, catholyte pH, and reaction temperature on the amount of HCOOH and its faradaic efficiency were investigated. Four different electrolytes (KOH, KHCO3, KCl, KHSO4) were chosen as the candidate catholyte and anolyte; the most suitable electrolyte was chosen by monitoring the amount of HCOOH and faradaic efficiency. The effect of the pH of the selected catholyte on the conversion of CO2 to HCOOH was also investigated. In addition, the reaction temperature was varied and its effect was studied. From the observations made, we determined the optimal reaction conditions for the production of HCOOH via the electrochemical reduction of CO2 by a systematic approach. 相似文献
132.
Eun-Ji Choi Eun-Hye Ka Cha-Young Jo Sung-Hoon Jo Emmanouil Apostolidis Mee-Sook Lee Hae-Dong Jang Young-In Kwon 《Food science and biotechnology》2014,23(3):791-797
Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of wheat seed ethyl acetate extracts for Jokyoung (JK), Dark northern spring (DNS), Keumkang (KK), Woori (WR), and Winter wheat (WW) were investigated. Antibacterial activities were evaluated in vitro against the common food and cosmetic industry contaminants Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus using well diffusion assays. WW had the highest inhibitory activity against all tested strains, with S. aureus being the most sensitive strain. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of WW and WR against S. aureus were 0.50 and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. The 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4- benzoquinone (DMBQ) content was measured using HPLC. The antibacterial activities of wheat seed extracts were correlated with the total phenolic contents (Pearson’s correlation coefficient=0.994), with the ABTS radical scavenging activity (0.978), and with the DMBQ content (0.968). WW and WR have potential for use as natural antimicrobials for prevention of food and cosmetics spoilage. 相似文献
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134.
We reported the influence of interface trap density(Nt) on the electrical properties of amorphous InSnZnO based thin-film transistors,which were fabricated at different direct-current(DC) magnetron sputtering powers.The device with the smallest Nt of 5.68×1011 cm-2 and low resistivity of 1.21×10-3Ω·cm exhibited a turn-on voltage(VON) of-3.60 V,a sub-threshold swing(S.S) of 0.16 V/dec and an on-off ratio(ION/IOFF) of8 x 108.With increasing Nt,the VON,S.S and ION/IOFF were suppressed to-9.40 V,0.24 V/dec and 2.59×108,respectively.The VTH shift under negative gate bias stress has also been estimated to investigate the electrical stability of the devices.The result showed that the reduction in Nt contributes to an improvement in the electrical properties and stability. 相似文献
135.
Different with the conventional method of manufacturing poly(vinyl formal) (PVF) porous foam by using the pore‐forming agents such as wheat or potato starches, a novel method without using the pore‐forming agent is introduced in this article. Through the help of images taken by a scanning electron microscope, the formation process of the present PVF foam will be discussed in terms of the spinodal decomposition (SD) phase separation principle. Additionally, the effect of poly(vinyl alcohol) concentration and reaction temperature on the pore structure of the PVF foam will be investigated. Moreover, the water adsorption capacities of the PVF foams obtained by the present method will be studied in details through the analyses of pore‐size distribution, mechanical modulus, and thermal property. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41270. 相似文献
136.
Preparation of dual‐layer acetylated methyl cellulose hollow fiber membranes via co‐extrusion using thermally induced phase separation and non‐solvent induced phase separation methods 下载免费PDF全文
Hanna Jang Du‐Hyun Song Hye‐Jin Lee Seong‐Han Lim In‐Chul Kim Young‐Nam Kwon 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2015,132(43)
Dual‐layer acetylated methyl cellulose (AMC) hollow fiber membranes were prepared by coupling the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) and non‐solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) methods through a co‐extrusion process. The TIPS layer was optimized by investigating the effects of coagulant composition on morphology and tensile strength. The solvent in the aqueous coagulation bath caused both delayed liquid–liquid demixing and decreased polymer concentration at the membrane surface, leading to porous structure. The addition of an additive (triethylene glycol, (TEG)) to the NIPS solution resolved the adhesion instability problem of the TIPS and NIPS layers, which occurred due to the different phase separation rates. The dual‐layer AMC membrane showed good mechanical strength and performance. Comparison of the fouling resistance of the AMC membranes with dual‐layer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes fabricated with the same method revealed less fouling of the AMC than the PVDF hollow fiber membrane. This study demonstrated that a dual‐layer AMC membrane with good mechanical strength, performance, and fouling resistance can be successfully fabricated by a one‐step process of TIPS and NIPS. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42715. 相似文献
137.
Automated speed enforcement system (ASES) has been deployed as a safety countermeasure on Korean roadways to reduce speeding-related traffic crashes; information on ASES locations is mandated to be open to the public. However, because drivers are alerted about enforcement via on-board navigation systems and roadside signs, they can avoid enforcement by momentarily reducing their speeds near ASES locations. This enforcement avoidance behavior (EAB) can induce sudden changes in speed near the enforcement locations and thereby increase risk of crash occurrence. 相似文献
138.
139.
Ja Young Park Mi Ae Kim Seung Jae Lee Jongjin Jung Hye Mi Jang Pravin P. Upare Young Kyu Hwang Jong-San Chang Joung Kyu Park 《Journal of Materials Science》2015,50(1):334-343
This study describes the synthesis of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles using an ultrasonic method and also investigates their catalytic activity. These nanoparticles have been prepared using ultrasonic irradiation followed by annealing at various temperatures. As the annealing temperature of as-prepared α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles increased, the sample transformed into γ-Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and Fe nanoparticles via the reduction process without requiring any additional reducing agents such as H2 gas, thus, creating a carbon shell surrounding the nanoparticles. By controlling the experimental conditions, Fe nanoparticles of various sizes can be formed with diameters in the range 100–800 nm; these nanoparticles are tightly encapsulated by 20-nm-thick carbon shells. Because of their high saturation magnetization 212 emu g?1, the carbon-encapsulated Fe nanoparticles can be used for magnetic resonance imaging with a dramatically enhanced efficiency compared to commercially available T 2 contrast agents. Moreover, the carbon-encapsulated Fe nanoparticles showed its superior catalytic activity and reusability for the hydrogenation of biomass-derived levulinic acid to GVL (99.6 %) in liquid phase. 相似文献
140.
Visualization Approaches for Evaluating Ridge Regression Estimators in Mixture and Mixture‐Process Experiments 下载免费PDF全文
Dae‐Heung Jang Christine M. Anderson‐Cook 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2015,31(8):1483-1494
When the component proportions in mixture experiments are restricted by lower and upper bounds, the input space of a designed experiment space can become an irregular region that can induce multicollinearity problems when estimating the component proportion parameters. Thus, ridge regression provides a beneficial means of stabilizing the coefficient estimates in the fitted model. Previous research has focused on using prediction variance as a metric for determining an appropriate value of the ridge constant, k. We use visualization techniques to illustrate and evaluate ridge regression estimators and the robustness of estimation with respect to the variance and the bias. The addition of bias allows better balancing between the stability of the estimators and minimally changing the estimates. We illustrate the graphical methods with mixture and mixture‐process examples from the literature. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献