The costs and benefits of tonal centers for chord processing.

Harmonic priming studies have shown that a musical context, with its established tonal center, influences target chord processing. This study investigated costs and benefits of priming tonal centers for target processing by adding a baseline condition (sequences without a specific tonal center). Results confirmed harmonic priming, with faster processing for related than for unrelated and less related targets (tonic chord, out-of-key chord, subdominant chord). Comparing targets in baseline contexts with targets in sequences with well-established tonal centers revealed a benefit of processing for related targets but a cost of processing for unrelated and less related targets. Findings are discussed in terms of tonal knowledge activation and suggest that an activated tonal center gives rise to strong expectations for the tonic. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ethics of practice: The beliefs and behaviors of psychologists as therapists.

There is an absence of comprehensive, systematically gathered data concerning psychologists' beliefs about and compliance with ethical principles. Furthermore, we know little about which resources are valued as effective in guiding appropriate behavior. Survey data were collected from 456 APA Division 29 members regarding the degree to which they engaged in each of 83 behaviors and the degree to which they considered each behavior to be ethical. These data were categorized and examined in terms of five principles derived from the Hippocratic oath (avoiding harm, competence, avoiding exploitation, respect, and confidentiality) as well as two additional principles (informed consent; social equity and justice). Twelve of the behaviors were very difficult for participants to evaluate on the basis of ethics. Seven of the 83 behaviors were practiced by over 90% of the participants; 16 by fewer than 10%. Colleagues, the APA Ethical Principles, and internship training were rated as the most helpful resources in guiding behavior; state and federal laws, published research, and local ethics committees were rated least helpful. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

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Diffusion with simultaneous immobilization in polymer–dye systems. I. Diffusion of the cationic dye anilana red BL in the anionically modified polyester fiber dilana

The diffusion coefficient of the cationic dye Anilana Red BL in the anionically modified polyester fiber Dilana has been calculated regarding a general diffusion-immobilization model. In the model the mobile species are distinguished from the immobilized ones. In computations of Sand's equation and experimentally determined sorption isotherm of the dye in the fiber, the rate-of-dyeing curve and the concentration profiles of the dye in the same fiber were employed. The diffusion coefficient of the mobile species of Anilana Red BL in the fiber is two orders of magnitude higher than the average diffusion coefficient obtained from Hill's equation and the apparent diffusion coefficient calculated by the Boltzmann–Matano method.     

Temperature-induced phase change in a fat. A study by electron spin resonance

Electron Spin Resonance, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and rheological techniques have been used to study the physical changes induced by temperature in lard and in the solid and liquid fractions obtained by fractionation of lard at 15 C. The mobilization process of a C18 fatty acid nitroxide derivative dispersed in the molten fat has been observed in the temperature range −50 to +70 C. The mobilization of the probe seemed to be concomitant with the melting of the low melting point glycerides. Above this temperature, all the probes were in the liquid phase and their mobility reflected the viscosity of their liquid environment, or the viscosity of the bulk fat when crystal was no longer present. Probe mobility was temperature dependent, and it was identical for the three fats at the same temperature, despite their different triglyceride compositions.     

Testing the Ortega hypothesis: Facts and artifacts

We examine the assumptions and data base used by researchers who have tested the Ortega hypothesis. We find that the assumptions are not supported by the data and that the data are faulty. We conclude that the results are artifactual. We recommend that any policy implemented on the basis of this research be suspended.     

Utilisation de couples d'hydrocarbures dans les frigopompes et les thermofrigopompes à absorptionUtilisation of hydrocarbon pairs in absorption heat pumps in cooling applications

The performances of two systems using hydrocarbon pairs are compared. The first system is an absorption heat pump, comprising a rectification column separator and a mixer comprising a single-stage cell. In this case, five hydrocarbon pairs are used. In the second system, the authors compare the performances of three hydrocarbon pairs in two heat pumps with one or two stages in the mixer. It was shown that the best performances are obtained using pairs with the most similar chemical compositions.     

Studies of palladium electrodeposition from baths based on Pd(NH3)2X2 Part II: X=Br and X=NO2

The chemistry and electrochemistry of electroplating baths based on Pd(NH₃)₂Br₂ and Pd(NH₃)₂(NO₂)₂ has been investigated and compared with that previously reported for Pd(NH₃)₂Cl₂. It is shown that electroactive species in all the baths is Pd(NH₃) ₄ ²⁺ and, hence, the mechanisms and current efficiencies for the cathodic deposition of palladium metal are similar in all three media. On the other hand, only in bromide electrolytes is the palladium found to dissolve anodically.     

Privileged communication in the psychologist–client relationship.

Determining the status of privileged communications between psychologists and clients is a complex task. There is considerable variation across states with respect to the scope of psychologist–client privilege, and several sections of state codes directly and indirectly influence its status. An analysis of state laws related to privileged communication in the psychologist–client relationship is presented and prevalent legal exceptions and trends related to client privilege are discussed. Implications for practice to assist psychologists in balancing their ethical and legal obligations also are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)