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81.
40 parents of younger and older hyperactives (Hs; aged 5 yrs 1 mo and 8 yrs 4 mo, respectively) and 51 parents of age-matched normal controls completed measures of hyperactivity and child behavior, parenting self-esteem (PSE), and parenting stress. PSE was lower in parents of Hs than in parents of controls. Self-esteem related to skill/knowledge as a parent was age related, with parents of older Hs reporting the lowest levels; self-esteem related to valuing/comfort in the parenting role was not related to the child's age. Mothers of Hs, especially younger ones, reported markedly higher levels of stress associated with both child characteristics and their own feelings, such as depression, self-blame, and social isolation. Consistent inverse relationships were found between PSE and perceptions of child problems, whereas ratings of child disturbance and maternal stress were positively correlated. Findings are discussed in terms of the social contexts surrounding hyperactivity and the need for multidimensional assessments and interventions in families of Hs. (47 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
82.
Contends that the ideal program of research to maximize clinical relevance combines 4 models of strategies. These are (1) convergent/convergent, (2) divergent/divergent, (3) divergent-theory/convergent-method, and (4) convergent-theory/divergent-method, and all are employed nomothetically at the level of theory and idiographically at the level of method. Model 1 serves to expand theoretical and procedural possibilities, giving clinicians the flexibility they need when working with individuals in service-delivery settings. Model 2 controls theoretical expansion. Model 3 controls procedural expansion. Model 4 may be used to provide preliminary demonstrations of feasibility that are then used to stimulate other forms of more directly relevant investigation. The products of this overall program of research will increasingly represent a useful body of tested theoretical and procedural possibilities and alternatives that clinicians can use for explaining and treating individual clients and for evaluating treatment outcomes in individually relevant terms. (32 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
83.
Local operators are used to detect linear features in Landsat data for an area where such features are typically less than 1 pixel in width. A modification to existing techniques is made which gives improved results. The choice of threshold for the detector algorithm is investigated by considering line and background intensity, linewidths, and line alignment with respect to the pixel boundaries and spatial autocorrelation in the data set. It is found that results will always contain a significant amount of noise. Two postprocessing techniques are described which reduce this noise by utilizing contextual information in the data. 相似文献
84.
Tao Wang Rósa Jónsdóttir Hordur G. Kristinsson Gudjon Thorkelsson Charlotte Jacobsen Patricia Yuca Hamaguchi Gudrún Ólafsdóttir 《Food chemistry》2010
The effects of Fucus vesiculosus extract and fractions towards haemoglobin- (Hb-) catalysed lipid oxidation in washed cod muscle system and cod protein isolates during ice storage were examined. The extract and fractions were characterised in terms of total phlorotannin content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferrous ion-chelating ability and reducing power. Progression of oxidation was followed by determining rancid odour, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), redness and volatile oxidation compounds by gas chromatography (GC). In both washed cod muscle and protein isolates, phlorotannin-enriched ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction showed higher inhibitory effect than crude 80% ethanol (EtOH) extract. The addition of oligomeric phlorotannin-rich subfraction (LH-2) separated by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, completely inhibited the initiation of lipid peroxidation in both systems throughout the entire study period (8 days). Its effectiveness at 300 mg/kg level was comparable to that of 100 mg/kg propyl gallate (PG), a highly effective synthetic antioxidant in muscle foods. Although polymeric phlorotannin-rich subfraction (LH-5) had similar level of TPC and chemical antioxidant activities as oligomeric subfraction LH-2, it was far less efficient in model systems. These results suggest that other factors rather than the intrinsic reactivity toward radicals could be responsible for the inhibitory effect of phlorotannins on lipid oxidation in fish muscle. This study highlights the great potential of oligomeric phlorotannins as novel natural antioxidants in fish and fish products. 相似文献
85.
Michael J. Frampton Giuseppe Sforazzini Sergio Brovelli Gianluca Latini Emily Townsend Charlotte C. Williams Ana Charas Leszek Zalewski Naeem S. Kaka Mallena Sirish Lisa J. Parrott Joanne S. Wilson Franco Cacialli Harry L. Anderson 《Advanced functional materials》2008,18(21):3367-3376
Hydrophilic polyanionic conjugated polyrotaxanes are readily synthesized in water by Suzuki coupling, but their high polarity and ionic nature limit the potential applications of these materials. Here, we demonstrate three methods for transforming these polar polyelectrolytes into nonpolar lipophilic insulated molecular wires. A water‐soluble polyfluorene‐alt‐biphenylene β‐cyclodextrin (CD) polyrotaxane was converted into nonpolar derivatives by methylation of the carboxylic acid groups with diazomethane and conversion of the hydroxyl groups of the CDs to benzyl ethers, trihexylsilyl ethers, benzoyl esters, and butanoate esters to yield polyrotaxanes that are soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform and cyclohexane. Elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) data support the proposed structures of the organic‐soluble polyrotaxanes. The extents of reaction of the polyrotaxane CD hydroxyl groups were 55% for trihexylsilyl chloride/imidazole; 81% for benzyl chloride/sodium hydride; 72% for benzoyl chloride/pyridine/4‐dimethylaminopyridine; and 98% butanoic anhydride/pyridine/4‐dimethylaminopyridine. Alkylation, silylation, and esterification increase the bulk of the encapsulating sheath, preventing interstrand aggregation, increasing the photoluminescence efficiency in the solid state and simplifying the time‐resolved fluorescence decay. The organic‐soluble polyrotaxanes were processed into polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) from solution in nonpolar organic solvents, thereby excluding ionic impurities from the active layer. 相似文献
86.
Mette Kristensen Lars F Østergaard Ulrich Halekoh Henry Jørgensen Charlotte Lauridsen Kirsten Brandt Susanne Bügel 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2008,88(12):2161-2172
BACKGROUND: Many consumers perceive organic foods as more nutritious than conventional foods. However, the existing evidence is insufficient to support or refute this belief. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of three different model cultivation systems on selected major and trace element contents of dried foodstuffs (carrots, kale, peas, potatoes and apples) grown in two consecutive years, as well as mineral retention determined in 36 rats (second generation in a multi‐generation study) fed diets based on these foodstuffs from one year. RESULTS: Overall, there was no evident trend towards differences in element content of foodstuffs or diets due to the use of different cultivation systems, and differences between harvest years exceeded those seen between cultivation methods. Also, no significant differences in the retention of elements in rats fed diets derived from different cultivation systems were seen, since higher intake resulted in correspondingly higher excretion. CONCLUSION: This study does not support the belief that organically grown foodstuffs generally contain more major and trace elements than conventionally grown foodstuffs, nor does there appear to be an effect on the bioavailability of major and trace minerals in rats. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
87.
The rheological properties of starch extracted from ten different species of tropical tuber crops were examined using a Bohlin rheometer. Suspensions with starch concentrations of 3, 4 and 5% were gelatinised at 75°C and fed into the rheometer cup. A C 25 measuring system was used and the heating rate was 1.5°C/min, heating schedule 75‐95ºC, holding at 95°C for 600 s, cooling to 35°C at 1.5ºC/min, holding for 3600 s. For strain sweep tests, the range of strain used was 0‐0.2% and the temperature of test was 35ºC. The data on viscosity, storage modulus (G′) and phase angle were obtained from the rheograms. The results indicated variability in the various properties of the different starches. However the results did not follow a definite trend. The viscosity of Colocasia starch was low while Canna edulis and yam starches had high viscosities. The storage modulus was also highest for Canna starch (70‐93 Pa) for 5% and gel strength was comparatively high for Canna edulis, Dioscorea esculenta and D. rotundata starches. The phase angle values followed the pattern of G′ and all the starch pastes were found to be elastic in nature at higher concentration. The wide variability in rheological properties can be useful in different applications of tuber starches. 相似文献
88.
89.
Andy Tran Charlotte E. Boott Mark J. MacLachlan 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2020,32(41):1905876
Over millions of years, animals and plants have evolved complex molecules and structures that endow them with vibrant colors. Among the sources of natural coloration, structural color is prominent in insects, bird feathers, snake skin, plants, and other organisms, where the color arises from the interaction of light with nanoscale features rather than absorption from a pigment. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a biorenewable resource that spontaneously organize into chiral nematic liquid crystals having a hierarchical structure that resembles the Bouligand structure of arthropod shells. The periodic, chiral nematic organization of CNC films leads them to diffract light, making them appear iridescent. Over the past two decades, there have been many advances to develop the photonic properties of CNCs for applications ranging from cosmetics to sensors. Here, the origin of color in CNCs, the control of photonic properties of CNC films, the development of new composite materials of CNCs that can yield flexible photonic structures, and the future challenges in this field are discussed. In particular, recent efforts to make flexible photonic materials using CNCs are highlighted. 相似文献
90.
Christine Vssing Marta Owczarek-Lipska Kerstin Nagel-Wolfrum Charlotte Reiff Christoph Jüschke John Neidhardt 《International journal of molecular sciences》2020,21(22)
X-chromosomal retinitis pigmentosa (RP) frequently is caused by mutations in the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) gene. We evaluated the potential of PTC124 (Ataluren, TranslamaTM) treatment to promote ribosomal read-through of premature termination codons (PTC) in RPGR. Expression constructs in HEK293T cells showed that the efficacy of read-through reagents is higher for UGA than UAA PTCs. We identified the novel hemizygous nonsense mutation c.1154T > A, p.Leu385* () causing a UAA PTC in RPGR and generated patient-derived fibroblasts. Immunocytochemistry of serum-starved control fibroblasts showed the RPGR protein in a dot-like expression pattern along the primary cilium. In contrast, RPGR was no longer detectable at the primary cilium in patient-derived cells. Applying PTC124 restored RPGR at the cilium in approximately 8% of patient-derived cells. RT-PCR and Western blot assays verified the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the nonsense variant. Immunofluorescence stainings confirmed the successful PTC124 treatment. Our results showed for the first time that PTC124 induces read-through of PTCs in RPGR and restores the localization of the RPGR protein at the primary cilium in patient-derived cells. These results may provide a promising new treatment option for patients suffering from nonsense mutations in RPGR or other genetic diseases. NM_000328.3相似文献