The effect of temperature on the anodic oxidation of lead in 1 M sulphuric acid solutions

The results of linear sweep experiments on lead in 1 M sulphuric acid solutions with and without saturation by an organic lignosulphonate (expander) have shown that one mode of expander action is to change the mechanism of current limitation in the passivation process.     

Photoforming intricate articles in thickened high definition photoresist

The process of photoforming—the manufacture of metal articles by their electrodeposition into a mould formed in photoresist—is described. The practical production limits of the process, in terms of fine detail in thick layers of high-definition photoresist, are explored.     

Effect of gamma radiation on levels of α-tocopherol in red meats and turkey

The effect of low dose ionizing radiation on free α-tocopherol levels in beef, pork and lamb longissimus dorsi muscle and on turkey leg and breast muscle were determined. The samples were irradiated in air with a ¹³⁷Cs source at eight dose levels between 0 and 9.4 kGy at 5 °C. Irradiation resulted in a significant decrease in α-tocopherol levels in all of the meats studied. There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of loss of tocopherol due to species, with the exception of turkey breast. The rate of loss of tocopherol in turkey breast tissue was greater than the other meats. The information obtained in this study may be of use for ‘chemiclearance’ purposes since the relative effects due to species variation were examined.     

Effectiveness of animation in trend visualization

Animation has been used to show trends in multi-dimensional data. This technique has recently gained new prominence for presentations, most notably with Gapminder Trendalyzer. In Trendalyzer, animation together with interesting data and an engaging presenter helps the audience understand the results of an analysis of the data. It is less clear whether trend animation is effective for analysis. This paper proposes two alternative trend visualizations that use static depictions of trends: one which shows traces of all trends overlaid simultaneously in one display and a second that uses a small multiples display to show the trend traces side-by-side. The paper evaluates the three visualizations for both analysis and presentation. Results indicate that trend animation can be challenging to use even for presentations; while it is the fastest technique for presentation and participants find it enjoyable and exciting, it does lead to many participant errors. Animation is the least effective form for analysis; both static depictions of trends are significantly faster than animation, and the small multiples display is more accurate.     

Effect of plastic fats on thermal stability and mechanical properties of fat- protein gel products

Meat was comminuted with soybean-oil-based plastic fats of differ-ent physical properties and cooked at 2 different rates. Thermal stability of emulsion was inversely related to fat softness and heating rate. Stable emulsions were obtained when prepared with fat containing 30% solids at 16% product fat level, 40% solids at 22% level, and 50% solids at 28% level. Release of fat and water upon heating commenced about 10 C below the softening point of the fat. Compressive force (CF) increased markedly and shear force (SF) increased moderately with increasing hardness of fat Both CF and SF reached a maximum at the 40% fat solids level. Increased total fat tended to reduce mechanical strength. Faster heating resulted in greater mechanical strength of cooked product but caused fat separation in high fat products formulated with soft fats.     

Radon and cigarette smoking: Perceptions of this synergistic health risk.

Past approaches to the measurement of the perceived risk of combined hazards have failed to demonstrate awareness of synergy (S. E. Hampson et al., 1998; D. Hermand, E. Mullet, & B. Coutelle, 1995; D. Hermand, E. Mullet, & S. Lavieville, 1997). Respondents (N?=?650) were provided with information about the synergistic risk of lung cancer from the combination of smoking and radon, and their risk perceptions were assessed on two occasions. At Time 1, using Likert-type scales, there was no evidence of synergistic risk perception. At Time 2, using a scale based on the appraisal of relative risk with anchors allowing for the expression of synergy, the combined hazard of radon and smoking was rated as significantly more of a health risk than the single hazards. The findings are discussed in terms of methodological issues in assessing synergistic risk. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Using the common sense model of illness perceptions to examine osteoarthritis change: A 6-year longitudinal study.

Objective: To examine the association between changes in common sense models and changes in functional status over a 6-year follow-up in patients with osteoarthritis. Design: At baseline and follow-up, osteoarthritis outpatients (N = 241) recruited from a university medical center completed the Illness Perception Questionnaire—Revised (IPQ-R), the Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index, and the Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Osteoarthritis Index. Also, their physician-assessed pain intensity, and biomedical, and clinical measures of medical severity of osteoarthritis were recorded. Main outcome measures: Functional disability, pain intensity. Results: Over 6 years, functional disability and pain intensity increased. The IPQ-R dimensions of timeline, personal control, and illness coherence became more negative, and emotional representations became less negative (i.e., more accepting). Patients identified as sharing a similar profile of negative changes on the IPQ-R had significantly worse functioning on 2 of 3 outcomes, independent of objectively measured osteoarthritis severity. Conclusions: Changes in illness perceptions were associated with changes in outcomes. Interventions to prevent increasingly negative patterns of illness perceptions over time, with an emphasis on strengthening control cognitions, may benefit functional status outcomes in patients with osteoarthritis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Contribution of metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR4 to L-2-[3H]amino-4-phosphonobutyrate binding in mouse brain

The binding of L-2-[3H]amino-4-phosphonobutyrate ([3H]L-AP4) was examined in brain sections of wild-type mice and mice lacking the mGluR4 subtype of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Very high relative densities of [3H]L-AP4 binding were observed in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex, the nucleus basalis, the outer layer of the superior colliculus, and the substantia nigra. In mGluR4 knock-out mice, very low levels of binding were observed in these regions. The moderate levels of binding observed with wild-type mice in the molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and in the thalamus were absent in mGluR4 knock-out mice. In contrast, the moderate levels observed in most of the cerebral cortex, caudate putamen, and globus pallidus were not different in mGluR4 knock-out mice compared with wild-type. In these regions, mGluR8 is likely to be labeled by [3H]L-AP4 because mGluR8 is expressed in such brain regions and, like mGluR4, has high affinity for L-AP4. We conclude that mGluR4 contributes substantially to the high-affinity binding site for [3H]L-AP4 in several regions of mouse brain, including cerebellar cortex, nucleus basalis, thalamus, superior colliculus, substantia nigra, and hippocampal dentate gyrus.