Design and analysis of digital data recovery circuits using oversampling

A performance evaluation and circuit architecture for all-digital data recovery using an oversampling method is proposed. The architecture is very regular and hence very suitable for standard-cell implementation flow. Due to its feedforward architecture, the required bit-rate can be achieved through proper pipelining. These properties make the proposed architecture very suitable as soft silicon intellectual property. Analysis of BER due to the combined effects of the key design parameters like data jitter, clock jitter and oversampling ratio in the oversampling technique are carried out. Thus different specifications of data recovery can be designed with different design parameters. A module generator that can estimate the design parameters automatically is established. Design implementation shows the proposed all-digital data recovery circuit can achieve 3.07 Gbit/s (post-layout) with 0.25 mum 2.5 V CMOS technology standard-cell design and occupies 380times390 mum² chip area     

Organic light-emitting diode-based plausibly physiologically-friendly low color-temperature night light

Light sources with lower color temperature (CT) show markedly less suppression effect on the secretion of melatonin, an oncostatic hormone. Light sources with higher color rendering index (CRI) provide better visual comfort. In this report, we demonstrate the design and fabrication of low CT, high CRI fluorescent organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with five-band emitting from a single emissive layer. The best performed device exhibits a CT of 1773 K, much lower than that of candles (1800–2000 K) or incandescent bulbs (2000–2500 K), 87 CRI, a beyond theoretical limit external quantum efficiency (EQE) 6.4%, and 11.9 lm/W at 100 cd/m². One major reason for having the ultra-low CT and relative high CRI may be attributed to the significantly intensive deep red emission. The comparatively high efficacy and EQE may be attributed to the employment of a smooth stepwise energy-level structure, enabling low injection barriers and balance carrier injection.     

An experimental technique for the measurement of flame propagation in heterogeneous fuel sprays

Abstract

An experimental technique was developed to get a real‐time measurement of the flame propagation in heterogeneous fuel sprays. A monodisperse aerosol generator was used to generate the combustible tetralin (C₁₀H₁₂) mist and suitable acoustic devices were adapted to produce the required flat flame fronts. Results compare favorably with the conventional multiple exposure and high‐speed photography methods.     

A Bibliometric Study of Semiconductor Literature, 1978–1997

Semiconductor is the key element for information industry. The present study investigated the growth of semiconductor literature based on the database of INSPEC. Well-established bibliometric techniques, such as Bradford-Zipf's plot and Lotka's law have been employed to further explore the characteristics of semiconductor literature. Quantitative results on the literature growth, form of publication, research treatment, publishing country and language, author productivity and affiliate are reported. Moreover, from the Bradford-Zipf's plot, 25 core journals in semiconductor were identified and analyzed.     

Development of low‐fat mayonnaise containing polysaccharide gums as functional ingredients

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to develop a low‐fat (LF) mayonnaise containing polysaccharide gums as functional ingredients. Xanthan gum (XG, 15 g kg^?1), citrus fiber (CF, 100 g kg^?1) and variable concentration of guar gum (GG) were used to formulate the optimum ratios of polysaccharide gums as fat replacers. The fat content in LF mayonnaise was reduced to 50% if compared with full‐fat (FF) mayonnaise, and the products still maintained ideal rheological properties. RESULTS: The rheological parameters showed that there were no (P > 0.05) differences in yield stress, viscosity and flow behavior index between XG + 10 g kg^?1 GG, CF + 5 g kg^?1 GG and FF control. LF mayonnaises had lower caloric values and higher dietary fiber content than the FF counterpart. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs illustrated that the network of aggregated droplets in LF treatments contained a large number of interspaced voids of varying dimensions. Furthermore, in a comparison of sensory evaluation of LF treatments with commercial and our FF mayonnaises, there were no (P > 0.05) differences in any sensory scores among XG + 10 g kg^?1 GG control. CONCLUSION: This study shows that XG + 10 g kg^?1 GG and CF + 5 g kg^?1 GG could be used in LF mayonnaise formulations based on its multiple functions on processing properties. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Memory representation of alphabetic position and interval information.

The authors conducted 3 sets of experiments. In the 1st set of experiments, participants made alphabetic position estimations. In the 2nd set, participants made interletter distance estimations. In the 3rd set, they made comparative judgments of the alphabetic order of a pair of letters. The results showed that participants had highly accurate ordinal level information about the alphabet in memory but that interval level information was systematically distorted. In addition, alphabetic serial information was found to be used in 2 distinct modes in memory, depending on whether the representation could be contained within the span of immediate memory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Multi-Level Power Converter Interface for a Battery Energy Storage System

Abstract—

This study proposes a multi-level power converter for a battery energy storage system (BESS) with bidirectional power flow. The multi-level power converter includes a DC-DC power converter, a selection switch set and a full-bridge inverter. The DC-DC power converter performs bidirectional power conversion and provides a DC voltage that is greater than the peak voltage of the utility. Integrating the selection switch set and the full-bridge inverter produces a five-level AC voltage that controls the real power flow and the reactive power flow between the battery set, the DC-DC power converter and the grid. Because partial power is directly processed using only the selection switch set and the full-bridge inverter, the DC-DC power converter is operated only when the grid voltage is greater than the voltage of the battery set. Therefore, the power conversion efficiency for the proposed BESS is improved. The proposed BESS uses only eight power electronic switches, so the power circuit is simplified. A hardware prototype with a digital signal processor controller is used to verify the performance of the proposed BESS. The experimental results are as expected.     

Least-Squares Design of FIR Filters Based on a Compacted Feedback Neural Network

The design of finite-impulse response (FIR) filters can be performed by using neural networks by formulating the objective function to a Lyapunov energy function. Focusing on this goal, the authors present an improved structure of a feedback neural network to implement the least-squares design of FIR filters. In addition to using the closed-form expressions for the synaptic weight matrix and the bias parameter of the Hopfield neural network (HNN), the proposed approach can achieve a notable reduction both in the amount of computation required and hardware complexity compared to the previous neural-based method. Simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed approach     

(Al/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 0.5/)/sub 0.65/In/sub 0.35/P/Ga/sub 0.65/In/sub 0.35/P double-heterostructure orange light-emitting diodes

Visible light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting at 615 nm and employing the AlGaInP/GaInP double heterostructure (DH) grown on a lattice-matched GaAs/sub 0.7/P/sub 0.3/ substrate have been fabricated for the first. The external quantum efficiency of 0.156% for the orange LEDs can be achieved by introducing the GaP material as the current spreader and window layer for the DH LEDs.<>