Zur Frage nach der Fermentnatur der Peroxydase

Ohne ZusammenfassungMitteilung aus dem Laboratorium der Milchwirtschaftlichen Zentralstelle zu Güstrow.     

Allgemeine Beschaffenheit und Untersuchung einzelner Lebensmittel

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Predictors and correlates of taste preferences in European children: The IDEFICS study

The present study investigated taste preferences in a sample of 1705 children aged 6 to 9 years from survey centres in Italy, Estonia, Cyprus, Belgium, Sweden, Germany, Hungary, and Spain and aimed to identify factors correlated with taste preference. Children’s preferences for varying levels of sucrose (sweet) in apple juice and fat, sodium chloride (salt) and monosodium glutamate (umami) in crackers were assessed using paired-comparison tests. Socio-demographics (age, sex, parental education), early feeding practises (breastfeeding, introduction of fruits), parenting behaviour (TV viewing, using food as a reward) and taste threshold sensitivity for sucrose (sweet), sodium chloride (salt), caffeine (bitter) and monosodium glutamate (umami) were investigated as possible correlates of taste preferences. Parents reported on socio-demographics, early feeding and parenting behaviour. Taste thresholds were determined via a paired-comparison staircase method. Country of residence was the strongest factor related to preferences for all four tastes. Taste preferences also differed by age. Preference for sugar and salt increased between 6 and 9 years of age while preference for monosodium glutamate decreased. The age differences remained significant even after adjustment for sex, country of residence, parental education and early feeding habits. Sex, parental education, early feeding habits, TV viewing, using food as a reward and taste thresholds were not consistently related to taste preferences among the survey centres. In summary, the results highlight the importance of culture and age in taste preferences in children younger than 10 years of age.     

Ein einfaches Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Fettes in der Butter

Ohne ZusammenfassungMitteilung aus der Milchwirtschaftlichen Centralstelle zu Güstrow.     

Mothers' attachment status as determined by the Adult Attachment Interview predicts their 6-year-olds' reunion responses: A study conducted in Japan.

Following a 1986 study reporting a predominance of ambivalent attachment among insecure Sapporo infants, the generalizability of attachment theory and methodologies to Japanese samples has been questioned. In this 2nd study of Sapporo mother-child dyads (N=43), the authors examined attachment distributions for both (a) child, based on M. Main and J. Cassidy's (1988) 6th-year reunion, and (b) adult, via the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). In contrast to the previous Sapporo study, children's 3-way or "organized" distribution did not differ from the global distribution. However, when the disorganized-controlling (D) and cannot classify (CC) categories were applied to the analyses, a high proportion of D/CC children was found. Comparable analyses for Japanese mothers, including the unresolved/disorganized (U) and CC categories, were found to deviate slightly from the global norm. However, turning from global distributions to mothers' AAI classification as related to their child's reunion classification, all matches were surprisingly close to those established worldwide. When, as is customary, mothers' U and CC classifications were combined (U/CC) and compared with the child's D and CC classifications (also customarily combined as D/CC), mothers' U/CC status strongly predicted child D/CC status (r=.60, d=1.50). Additionally, mothers' AAI subclassifications predicted child subclassifications. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Problems in use of supported liquid-phase catalysts in fluidized bed reactors

Since SLP catalysts can become irreversibly deactivated due to evaporation of the solvent used to prepare the contacts, a saturation technique is proposed to stabilize the catalysts' activity. Application of this technique requires isothermal reaction conditions which can be achieved directly in fluidized bed reactors. Although the fluidization properties of SLP catalysts are mainly determined by interparticle forces, it can be shown that this type of reactor is suitable for an SLP-catalyzed gas reaction provided that a number of prerequisites are fulfilled. Taking a hydroformylation reaction catalyzed by an Rh complex dissolved in dimethyl glycol phthalate as an example, it is demonstrated that the activity of the prepared SLP catalyst can, indeed, be stabilized by saturation of the reactant gas mixture with the employed solvent.     

Air gap permeance in doubly-slotted asynchronous machines

Irregularities in the air gap of asynchronous machines are sources of forces, torques, noise, and vibrations. A formal Fourier series solution for the variation in permeance is presented. It is assumed that the permeability of the iron portions of the magnetic circuit is infinitely great, the rotor slots are not skewed, and flux fringing is not considered as input information. The Fourier series for a rectangular gap varying between zero and unity is established, a key element in subsequent solutions for permeances. The Fourier series for variation in air gap due to stator slots opposite a smooth surface and a doubly slotted air gap are established. The reciprocals of these air gap variations are obtained