Improved activity and thermostability of Candida antarctica lipase B by DNA family shuffling

DNA family shuffling was used to create chimeric lipase B proteins with improved activity toward the hydrolysis of diethyl 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)glutarate (DDG). Three homologous lipases from Candida antarctica ATCC 32657, Hyphozyma sp. CBS 648.91 and Crytococcus tsukubaensis ATCC 24555 were cloned and shuffled to generate a diverse gene library. A high-throughput screening assay was developed and used successfully to identify chimeric lipase B proteins having a 20-fold higher activity toward DDG than lipase B from C.antarctica ATCC 32657 and a 13-fold higher activity than the most active parent derived from C.tsukubaensis ATCC 24555. In addition, the stability characteristics of several highly active chimeric proteins were also improved as a result of family shuffling. For example, the half-life at 45 degrees C and melting point (T(m)) of one chimera exceeded those of lipase B from C.antarctica ATCC 32657 by 11-fold and 6.4 degrees C, respectively, which closely approached the stability characteristics of the most thermostable parent derived from Hyphozyma sp. CBS 648.91.     

蒲葵根中脂肪油的GC-MS联用分析

采用GC—MS联用技术首次分析了蒲葵根中脂肪油的组成，共分离出36个峰，并鉴定出其中的23种化合物。该脂肪油的主要成分为月桂酸乙酯、十六烷酸乙酯、亚麻酸、亚油酸乙酯、9—十八碳烯酸乙酯等。为蒲葵根资源的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

试论氯碱行业推行ISO14000环境管理体系认证的必要性

对我国氯碱行业现状及现存问题进行了分析,指出在该行业推行ISO14000环境管理 体系认证的必要性,以全面提升我国氯碱行业的管理水平,提高企业的市场竞争能力,促进环境与 经济的协调发展。     

催化动力学光度法测定合金钢中的痕量铌

在硫酸介质中,痕量铌对溴酸钾氧化结晶紫的褪色反应有良好的催化作用,作者由此建立了测定痕量铌的催化动力学光度法。通过绘制吸收曲线,选定实验的测定波长为545 nm。运用单因素实验方法,选择了最佳的实验条件:1.0 mol/L的硫酸用量为2.0 mL,0.10 mol/L的溴酸钾用量为2.5 mL,0.50 g/L结晶紫用量为0.5 mL,反应时间为4 min,反应温度为100℃。该方法的线性范围在0~50μg/L之间,工作曲线的线性方程为ΔA=0.926CNb-3.64×10-3(相关系数r=0.999 3),检出限达到6.1×10-10g/mL。将该方法应用于合金钢样品中痕量铌的测定,结果令人满意。     

Catalytic wall reactor: Catalytic coatings of stainless steel by VOx/TiO2 and Co/SiO2 catalysts

Catalytic wall (structured) reactors and structured supports are suitable to study the catalytic properties of nanosized materials. The coating of metallic (aluminum and stainless steel) plates by thin layers of active phase is presented in two cases, VO_x/TiO₂ and Co/SiO₂, catalysts used in the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane and in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) of clean fuels, respectively. The preparation of coated plates and their characterisation by various methods of physicochemical analysis are described. Both chemical and physical methods were used for coating. VO_x/TiO₂ layers were obtained by grafting of Ti (on Al or stainless-steel plates) and V (on TiO₂) alkoxides and use of sol–gel media or suspension. A silica primer was deposited (on stainless-steel plate) by plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition (PACVD) onto which Co oxide and silica were coprecipitated from sol–gel. The catalytic experiments in the respective reactions were carried out in special plate reactors and compared with those of catalytic powders. The study shows that the coating of a metallic substrate by a catalyst is not straightforward and requires specific studies dealing with both chemistry (chemical affinity between substrate and catalytic layers) and catalytic engineering (catalytic performance in taylor-made reactors).     

道路网约束下的城市事件空间点模式分析

为对城市管理的资源分配提供有效的决策支持, 基于道路网约束下的核密度估计和K函数方法, 对城市事件的一阶和二阶空间分布特性进行分析, 并与平面空间点模式分析结果进行对比。实验结果表明, 相比平面空间点模式分析方法, 道路网约束下的核密度估计提取的“热点”路段可直观地体现事件沿道路网的分布情况, 而道路网约束下的K函数能真实地反映出事件在不同空间尺度下的聚集程度。     

可见光响应纳米TiO2-xNx光催化研究进展

TiO2是宽禁带(Eg=3.2ev)半导体材料,只能吸收少于5%的太阳光能,这限制了TiO2的实际应用,而金属离子掺杂、染料光敏化以及复合半导体均存在一定的缺陷.掺氮的TiO2(TiO2-xNx)可以克服这些缺陷并将吸光范围扩展到可见光区,具有令人欣慰的前景.本文就目前对TiO2-xNx光催化剂的制备以及在环境保护中实际应用的研究状况进行综述,并提出未来TiO2-xNx的研究趋势.     

SbSn金属间化合物的制备及其脱硫性能

以Sb、Sn为原料,用机械合金化法制备了SbSn金属间化合物,用X射线衍射仪和透射电镜对其进行了表征。实验考察了球料比、球磨时间、球磨转速、原料比以及使用后的清洗方式对SbSn金属间化合物性能的影响;并考察了2种不同性质的乳状液对脱硫的影响。结果表明球料比10∶1、转速270r/min、球磨时间8h为最佳合成条件。在常温常压下对于油品中的噻吩,单程脱除率在9.7%左右,3次循环实验后脱硫率可以达到23%。     

废弃木粉与短切玻璃纤维组合增强聚丙烯的力学性能

用废弃木粉与短切玻璃纤维作为增强材料，制得了组合增强的聚丙烯复合材料，研究了制备工艺及设备、材料配方及界面改性方法等对材料力学性能的影响。结果表明，用单螺杆挤出机制备组合增强材料，可减少对玻璃纤维的损伤，保持较长的玻璃纤维，有利于其增强作用的发挥；随着玻璃纤维含量的增加，体系的力学性能提高，而木粉含量对材料力学性能的影响与玻璃纤维的含量相关；采用硅烷偶联剂对木粉进行表面处理，在基体中添加接枝极性基团的改性聚丙烯，可改善体系的界面结合，提高力学性能。     

锂系高门尼粘度丁二烯橡胶的环氧化

对高门尼粘度锂系丁二烯橡胶进行了环氧化研究。用IR和NMR对聚合物微观结构进行表征时发现,在810～890cm-1和(1.0～2.0)×10-6处出现环氧基峰。环氧化程度(E)较高时,X—C键断裂,造成Mn和Mw减小,Mw/Mn变窄。Tg随E增大而升高。