Research on Crop Irrigation Schedules Under Deficit Irrigation—A Meta-analysis

Water Resources Management - Increasing water consumption in agriculture due to global climate change has posed considerable challenges to food security, thus improving the efficiency of water...     

Adaptation to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Enhances Resistance of Oral Cancer Cells to Cisplatin by Up-Regulating Polymerase η and Increasing DNA Repair Efficiency

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is an adaptive program to cope with cellular stress that disturbs the function and homeostasis of ER, which commonly occurs during cancer progression to late stage. Late-stage cancers, mostly requiring chemotherapy, often develop treatment resistance. Chemoresistance has been linked to ER stress response; however, most of the evidence has come from studies that correlate the expression of stress markers with poor prognosis or demonstrate proapoptosis by the knockdown of stress-responsive genes. Since ER stress in cancers usually persists and is essentially not induced by genetic manipulations, we used low doses of ER stress inducers at levels that allowed cell adaptation to occur in order to investigate the effect of stress response on chemoresistance. We found that prolonged tolerable ER stress promotes mesenchymal–epithelial transition, slows cell-cycle progression, and delays the S-phase exit. Consequently, cisplatin-induced apoptosis was significantly decreased in stress-adapted cells, implying their acquisition of cisplatin resistance. Molecularly, we found that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) ubiquitination and the expression of polymerase η, the main polymerase responsible for translesion synthesis across cisplatin-DNA damage, were up-regulated in ER stress-adaptive cells, and their enhanced cisplatin resistance was abrogated by the knockout of polymerase η. We also found that a fraction of p53 in stress-adapted cells was translocated to the nucleus, and that these cells exhibited a significant decline in the level of cisplatin-DNA damage. Consistently, we showed that the nuclear p53 coincided with strong positivity of glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78) on immunostaining of clinical biopsies, and the cisplatin-based chemotherapy was less effective for patients with high levels of ER stress. Taken together, this study uncovers that adaptation to ER stress enhances DNA repair and damage tolerance, with which stressed cells gain resistance to chemotherapeutics.     

胶莱盆地南部大盛群、王氏群的划分与对比

胶莱盆地在胶东半岛地质构造及造山带研究中占有重要地位,其巨厚的白垩系陆相沉积是石油系统多年的研究目标。胶莱盆地南部白垩纪的岩石地层序列较其北部更为复杂,其认识几经反复,其中尤以大盛群与王氏群和莱阳群的部分单位的关系为甚。本次工作通过详细对比其沉积层序、相互关系、古生物组合、岩石学特征及同位素年龄等因素,认为大盛群与王氏群属同一沉积层序,沉积基底相同、沉积环境相似、古生物群落时代一致,二者具有同时代、同沉积相、同岩石组合的一致性,应是一套地层,建议今后使用统一地层名称。     

Magnetic porous nano-carbon catalysts supported silver nanoparticles derived from chitin and their application in catalytic reduction reactions

The exploitation of recycled carbonaceous catalysts from renewable biomass resources such as chitin is a crucial issue for the development of the sustainable society. In this article, the chitin-based N and O doped carbon microspheres (ChC) were fabricated by a simple dissolution, sol–gel transformation, and the carbonization methods. Subsequently, the novel magnetic Ag-Fe₃O₄@chitin-based carbon microspheres catalyst (MChC) was successfully constructed through the in situ redox reaction. The as-prepared MChC possessed rich micropores with high-surface area, and a narrow size distribution (50–120 μm). The Ag-Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were immobilized through the interaction with C, N, and O atoms in the pores of MChC. The reduction of 4-nitrophenol was applied to evaluate the catalytic activity of MChC. 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) could be fully reduced to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in 5 min with the catalyst MChC-45. Moreover, MChC could be collected in solution with an external magnet in 8 s and remained relatively high-catalytic activity after 10 cycle times. This work provided novel ideas for the fabrication of doped carbon material from biomass and promoted its utilization in nanocatalytic applications.     

智能建造技术协同创新主体互动关系研究

文章分析智能建造技术创新主体的特点，界定并划分智能建造技术协同创新主体互动关系的范畴和类别，建立智能建造协同创新的多方演化博弈模型，揭示智能建造技术协同创新主体互动关系。主要结论为：①智能建造技术协同创新呈现级联性、函数性、动态平衡性、不确定性和指数性特征；②智能建造技术协同创新主体互动关系分为同质性的内部主体互动和异质性的内部主体与外部主体互动，表现出利益共生、成长进化和共享协同的特征；③创新主体之间的互动行为有利于对创新资源进行有效配置，推动智能建造技术的应用。     

自适应融合层级特征的混合退化图像复原算法

多种退化类型混合的图像比单一类型的退化图像降质更严重,很难建立精确模型对其复原,研究端到端的神经网络算法是复原的关键.现有的基于操作选择注意力网络的算法(operation-wiseattentionnetwork,OWAN)虽然有一定的性能提升,但是其网络过于复杂,运行较慢,复原图像缺乏高频细节,整体效果也有提升的空间.针对这些问题,提出一种基于层级特征融合的自适应复原算法.该算法直接融合不同感受野分支的特征,增强复原图像的结构;用注意力机制对不同层级的特征进行动态融合,增加模型的自适应性,降低了模型冗余;另外,结合L1损失和感知损失,增强了复原图像的视觉感知效果.在DIV2K,BSD500等数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法无论是在峰值信噪比和结构相似性上的定量分析,还是在主观视觉质量方面,均优于OWAN算法,充分证明了该算法的有效性.