A new parallel algorithm for vertex priorities of data flow acyclic digraphs

Data flow acyclic directed graphs (digraph) are widely used to describe the data dependency of mesh-based scientific computing. The parallel execution of such digraphs can approximately depict the flowchart of parallel computing. During the period of parallel execution, vertex priorities are key performance factors. This paper firstly takes the distributed digraph and its resource-constrained parallel scheduling as the vertex priorities model, and then presents a new parallel algorithm for the solution of vertex priorities using the well-known technique of forward–backward iterations. Especially, in each iteration, a more efficient vertex ranking strategy is proposed. In the case of simple digraphs, both theoretical analysis and benchmarks show that the vertex priorities produced by such an algorithm will make the digraph scheduling time converge non-increasingly with the number of iterations. In other cases of non-simple digraphs, benchmarks also show that the new algorithm is superior to many traditional approaches. Embedding the new algorithm into the heuristic framework for the parallel sweeping solution of neutron transport applications, the new vertex priorities improve the performance by 20 % or so while the number of processors scales up from 32 to 2048.     

A power spectrum optimization algorithm inspired by magnetotactic bacteria

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are one kind of bacteria with magnetic particles called magnetosomes in their bodies. These particles often connect together like a chain. The MTB move toward the ideal living conditions under the interaction between magnetic field produced by the magnetic particles chain and that of the earth. In the paper, a new magnetic bacteria algorithm based on power spectrum (PSMBA) for optimization is proposed. The candidate solutions are decided by power spectrum in the algorithm. It mainly includes four steps: power spectrum calculation, bacteria swimming, bacteria rotation and bacteria replacement. The effect of swimming schemes and parameter settings on the performance of PSMBA is studied. And it is compared with GA, PSO and its variants and some other optimization algorithms on 25 benchmark functions including CEC2005. The simulation results show that PSMBA has better performance on most of the problems than most of the compared algorithms.     

N-苯基-3-氯-6-(3,5-二甲基-1-吡唑基)吡啶-2-甲酰胺及3-氯-6-(3,5-二甲基-1-吡唑基)吡啶-2-甲酸的合成和表征

以3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸为原料经过酰胺化、肼取代、环合、水解等反应合成了标题化合物,并通过红外光谱、核磁共振谱和质谱对其结构进行了表征.     

直接凝固注模成型Si_3N_4及SiC陶瓷──基本原理及工艺过程

直接凝固注模成型（ｄｉｒｅｃｔｃｏａｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｃａｓｔｉｎｇ，ＤＣＣ）是一种崭新的（准）净尺寸陶瓷成型方法。本文报道了采用此法成型Ｓｉ_３Ｎ_４及ＳｉＣ陶瓷的基本原理和工艺过程。ＤＣＣ成型工艺过程为把高固相含量低粘度的陶瓷浆料浇注到无孔模具中，事先加入到浆料中的生物酶及化学物质通过改变浆料的ｐＨ或电解质浓度来改变浆料的胶体化学行为，从而使浆料原位凝固，得到有足够脱模强度的陶瓷坯体。ＤＣＣ成型的特点为坯体密度高（理论密度的５５％～７０％），坯体均匀，不用或只需少量的有机添加剂（少于１％），可成型大尺寸、复杂形状、高可靠性的陶瓷部件。     

施釉机器人静力学分析的研究

根据6自由度施釉机器人的终端受力，利用雅可比矩阵，求解出各转动关节在稳定平衡状态下的受力和所需的驱动力矩，为设计施釉机器人确定各转轴的电机及其他动力元件提供了可靠的依据。     

Combined Single-Pass Conversion of Methane Via Oxidative Coupling and Dehydroaromatization

A new reaction mode, i.e., the combined single-pass conversion of methane via oxidative coupling (OCM) over mixed metal oxide (SLC) catalysts and dehydroaromatization (MDA) over Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts, is reported. With the assistance of an OCM reaction over SLC catalysts in the top layer of the reactor, the deactivation resistance of Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts is remarkably enhanced. Under the selected reaction conditions, the CH₄ conversion decreased from 18 to 1% and the aromatics yield decreased from 12.8 to 0.1%, respectively, after running the reaction for 960min on both 6Mo/HZSM-5 and SLC-6Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst system without O₂ in the feed. On the other hand, for the SLC-6Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst system with O₂ in the feed, the deactivation was improved greatly, and after 960min onstream the CH₄ conversion and aromatics yield were still as high as 12.0 and 8.0%, respectively. The promotion effect mainly appears to be associated with in situ formation of CO₂ in the OCM layer, which reacts with coke via the reverse Boudouard reaction.     

武汉市大气降水δD和δ~(18)O变化特征及水汽来源

为了确定长江流域中游大气降水特征和水汽来源,以全球大气降水观测网(GNIP)武汉站点多年大气降水稳定同位素数据为基础,探讨了长江中游武汉地区大气降水稳定同位素随季节变化特征。通过建立当地大气降水方程,结合气象因素和降水氘盈余变化,揭示了武汉地区不同季节大气降水水汽来源。结果表明:大气降水在降落地面之前经历了非平衡分馏过程,且平衡程度接近于东部季风沿海地区;大气降水稳定同位素表现出明显的季节性特征,且冬季和夏季降水δD和δ~(18)O值与雨量之间负相关,表现出明显的"雨量效应";大气降水水汽来源主要受季风活动的控制,冬季水汽主要来自北方大陆冷湿气流,而春季降水表现出局地蒸发来源,夏季和秋季降水来源受西南季风和东南季风的双重影响。     

远距离移动负载高压电源的设计

为对远距离的直流移动负载进行供电,须考虑损耗、体积、指标等一系列的问题。要解决远距离损耗大的问题,则须采用在始端升压、负载端降压的措施;要使负载端的变换器体积小,则须提高系统频率,在变换器中采用高频变压器;要满足整个系统的指标,则须完成从部分到整体的设计过程。在此基础上,此供电电源采用AC/DC/DC变换的过程,始端变换器中采用三相PWM斩波稳压与12脉波整流相结合输出高压直流,然后经过远距离的电缆,负载端DC/DC变换器采用半桥三电平结构进行直流降压后为移动负载供电。文中分别对两个部分的拓扑以及工作原理进行了理论分析与仿真,仿真结果表明,供电电源采用这样的拓扑结构能够得到稳定的直流电压,并且不会影响始端的交流指标。     

合成镁白云石中CaO和MgO晶粒生长动力学

应用ＴＰ速率等式和线性截距法研究了经１５００℃至１７００℃烧成的两个合成镁白云石体系中ＣａＯ和ＭｇＯ的晶粒生长，采用回归分析和最小二乘法求得ＣａＯ和ＭｇＯ晶粒的生长指数和晶位生长活化能。结果表明，体系中ＭｇＯ晶粒的生长速率总比ＣａＯ的要大，而加入少量ＣｅＯ２添加剂的合成镁白云石中ＣａＯ和ＭｇＯ晶粒生长速率比无添加剂的要快。     

水性聚氨酯涂膜在柑桔贮存保鲜中的应用研究

以常用的保鲜涂膜剂羧甲基壳聚糖、海藻酸钠和自制的水性聚氨酯乳液为涂膜剂,对柑桔进行涂膜保鲜实验,并与未涂膜柑桔作比较,分别测定柑桔失重率、含糖量、Vc含量、呼吸强度随贮存的变化,并观察外观质量。研究发现,用自制水性聚氨酯乳液进行涂膜后柑桔贮存期间的各项参数明显优于未涂膜柑桔和其它浸涂膜的柑桔,从而有效提高了柑桔的商品价值,延长了货架期。