High Gain Modified Dual-Band and Dual-Circularly Polarized Array Antenna

Wireless Personal Communications - A novel design of double-layer dual-band circularly polarized array antennas (DDCPAAs) is presented in this paper. First, a DDCP single antenna is introduced as...     

Locality‐Conscious Nested‐Loops Parallelization

To speed up data‐intensive programs, two complementary techniques, namely nested loops parallelization and data locality optimization, should be considered. Effective parallelization techniques distribute the computation and necessary data across different processors, whereas data locality places data on the same processor. Therefore, locality and parallelization may demand different loop transformations. As such, an integrated approach that combines these two can generate much better results than each individual approach. This paper proposes a unified approach that integrates these two techniques to obtain an appropriate loop transformation. Applying this transformation results in coarse grain parallelism through exploiting the largest possible groups of outer permutable loops in addition to data locality through dependence satisfaction at inner loops. These groups can be further tiled to improve data locality through exploiting data reuse in multiple dimensions.     

An assessment of k-ε turbulence models for gas distribution analysis

This paper presents the gas distribution analysis by injecting air fountain into the containment and simulations with the HYDRAGON code. Turbulence models of standard k-ε(SKE), re-normalization group k-ε(RNG) and a realizable k-ε(RLZ) are used to assess the effects on the gas distribution analysis during a severe accident in a nuclear power plant. By comparing with experimental data,the simulation results of the RNG and SKE turbulence models agree well with the experimental data on the prediction of dimensionless density distributions. The results illustrate that the turbulence model choice had a small effect on the simulation results, particularly the region near to the air fountain source.     

Multiscale analysis of viscoelastic laminated composite plates using generalized differential quadrature

In this paper, a laminated composite plate is analyzed using a multiscale method. At first, material properties of a lamina are obtained using an analytical micromechanical approach called simplified unit cell method (SUCM), and then in structural level, the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is used to analyze a laminated composite plate. By means of the Boltzmann superposition principle, the viscoelastic behavior of the matrix is obtained. The Prony series is considered to define the compliance of matrix. To verify the results, graphiteT300/epoxy5208 composite material is analyzed and the results are compared with existing experimental data. The multiscale algorithm includes obtaining overall properties of the composite by SUCM; then, these properties are used to define the bending stiffness. Governing equations of motion of laminated composite plate are solved via GDQM and Newton–Raphson method. Variations of stresses and displacements versus time and volume fraction of the fibers are shown for laminated composite plates with different boundary conditions.     

Grafting of sulfamethoxazole on acrylic acid−vinyl methyl ketone copolymer using the schiff base reaction−application as a drug delivery system

A series of poly(acrylic acid-co-methylvinylketone–graft–sulfamethoxazole)(AVMDS) species was synthesized for drug carrier applications. The synthesis involved two steps: copolymerization of acrylic acid(AA) with methyl vinyl ketone(MVK) through the free radical route and subsequent grafting of the sulfamethoxazole (SMX) onto the copolymer via the Schiff base reaction of the primary amine of SMX with the carbonyl groups of the MVK units. The structures and properties of the materials were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). An in-vitro cytotoxicity test of the drug-carrier systems via MTT assay revealed no significant cytotoxic effect at concentrations up to 100?µg?·?ml^?1. The dynamic release of SMX from these systems through a retro-imidation reaction (inverse Schiff base reaction) was investigated in depth, where the diffusion through the polymer matrix, the enhancement of the water solubility of SMX, the influence of the initial drug concentration, the pH of the medium, and the effect of the degree of swelling of the polymer matrix on the release dynamics were evaluated. The AVMGS4 and AVMGS1 drug carrier systems containing 3.58 and 1.18?wt% of SMX were the best performing systems.     

Flow and heat transfer of two immiscible fluids in double-layer optical fiber coating

The coatings of optical fibers are generally characterized by a multi-layer coating structure. In this work, the mathematical modeling of two immiscible non-Newtonian fluids for optical fiber coating inside a straight annular die is developed in the form of a nonlinear differential equation with nonhomogeneous boundary conditions. Two non-Newtonian fluids, namely power law and Phan-Thien–Tanner fluids, are used in the primary and secondary coating dies, respectively. An exact solution is obtained for velocity fields and temperature distributions for the primary and secondary coating resins. The thickness of coated fiber optics is also calculated for both layers. The effect of different emerging parameters on the solution is discussed and sketched.     

Calcium: A comprehensive review on quantification,interaction with milk proteins and implications for processing of dairy products

Calcium (Ca) is a key micronutrient of high relevance for human nutrition that also influences the texture and taste of dairy products and their processability. In bovine milk, Ca is presented in several speciation forms, such as complexed with other milk components or free as ionic calcium while being distributed between colloidal and serum phases of milk. Partitioning of Ca between these phases is highly dynamic and influenced by factors, such as temperature, ionic strength, pH, and milk composition. Processing steps used during the manufacture of dairy products, such as preconditioning, concentration, acidification, salting, cooling, and heating, all contribute to modify Ca speciation and partition, thereby influencing product functionality, product yield, and fouling of equipment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the influence of Ca partition on dairy products properties to support the development of kinetics models to reduce product losses and develop added-value products with improved functionality. To achieve this objective, approaches to separate milk phases, analytical approaches to determine Ca partition and speciation, the role of Ca on protein–protein interactions, and their influence on processing of dairy products are discussed.     

Forecasting hydrogen production potential in islamabad from solar energy using water electrolysis

The focus of this study is the use of Machine Learning methods to forecast Solar Hydrogen production potential for the Islamabad region of Pakistan. For this purpose, we chose a Photovoltaic-Electrolytic (PV-E) system to forecast electricity and, hence, hydrogen production. The weather data used for forecasting and simulation were recorded with precise meteorological instruments stationed in Islamabad, over the course of 13 and a half months. Out of the three tested algorithms, Prophet performs the best with Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 3.7%, forecasting a daily average Hydrogen production of 93.3 × 10³ kg/Km². Although, the forecast in this study is made for the month of August and September, during which the local season moves towards winter, this study demonstrates solar hydrogen production, as a green energy source, has a tremendous potential in this region.     

Experimental investigation on the effect of surface characterization of electrodes on the gas bubble dynamics in electrolyte flow and performance of FLA batteries by using PIV

In the flooded lead_acid batteries (FLAB), gas bubbles are initially formed on the surface of the electrodes, which are produced by electrochemical reactions, and then released into the electrolyte. In the present investigation, the effect of surface characterization of electrodes of FLAB on the gas bubble dynamic parameters in the electrolyte flow at different charging/discharging rates (C-rates) are studied utilizing particle image velocimetry (PIV) method. The results show that the capacity of FLAB have a linear behav-ior due to changes in each of the two parameters of the surface characterization of electrodes and the C-rate. At all State of charges (SOCs) of FLAB cells in different tests, increasing average roughness (Ra) and average wavelength of the roughness (ka) in the electrode surfaces, results in an increase in average bub-ble diameter and bubble rising velocity. Nevertheless, a sharp decrease in the void fraction of bubbles within the electrolyte was observed due to the increment in ka and Ra. Also, the effect of the rising move-ment of gas bubbles within the electrolyte on the average electrolyte velocity pattern in the gap between the electrodes by changing the surface characterization of electrodes are investigated in detail.