X荧光测量在智利SB矿点和物化探异常检查中的应用

介绍新一代X射线荧光分析仪(XRF)在野外现场矿产勘查中的应用效果.讨论了XRF中的原理及元素精准度、不平度效应、湿度效应及测试距离等影响因素,对铜、铅、锌等元素的检出限为20×10-6.应用XRF对智利瑞康纳达地区沟系次生晕异常区进行检查评价,快速发现异常,及时追踪和评价异常,减少地球化学样品的采集、分析和结果整理时间,特别是在海外物价高,样品分析周期长的情况下,有着特别重要的意义.     

卡房矿田新山花岗岩侵位机制与成矿关系

在对花岗岩几种重要的侵位机制进行介绍的基础上,结合野外工作实践,从围岩蚀变、流体运移、断裂控制等几个方面对云南个旧新山花岗岩体的侵位机制类型进行了综合分析,认为新山花岗岩体侵位机制类型属于岩浆底拱作用,新山矿段内形成的矿床主要有接触带铜锡多金属矿床、层脉状铜锡矽卡岩硫化矿床、变质火山岩铜矿床。     

陕西安康地区生态农业环境地球化学研究与开发建议

本文主要讨论了陕西省安康地区生态环境地球化学效应基本规律，研究总结了该区农作物、蔬菜类、茶叶、药食两用植物及中药材等微量元素农业环境地球化学特征，提出了综合生态农业开发建议。     

论我国矿业企业的"矿山人均储量"新指标

本文分析对比了我国国有及非国有规模以上矿山企业的主要经济指标 ,认为矿业开发要走可持续发展的途径 ,促进矿产资源的充分、合理、有效开发 ,满足市场需求、兼顾环境保护和社会稳定的目标 ,就必须积极探讨和慎重考虑矿山企业从业人数的合理控制问题 ;依据典型金属矿山实际资料的初步分析 ,首次明确提出“矿山人均储量”是制约矿山合理开发和矿业可持续发展的重要指标 ;矿山人均储量的合理配置和适度调控问题 ,不仅值得进一步的探讨和研究 ,而且应该引起有关部门的广泛注意和高度重视     

新疆江格结尔地区铜铅锌矿床特征及其成因

江格结尔地区铜铅锌矿位于萨热克-乌拉根铜铅锌成矿区的过渡带,江格结尔铜矿与萨热克铜矿均产于上侏罗统库孜贡苏组杂砾岩中;江格结尔铅锌矿与乌拉根铅锌矿均产于上白垩统克孜勒苏群砂砾岩中。该地区的铜铅锌矿床与萨热克铜矿和乌拉根铅锌矿具有很多相似性,表现在成矿物质主要来源于盆地周边的隆起剥蚀区,即苏鲁铁列克隆起中的中元古界长城系基底地层;铜铅锌矿床的形成都与油田卤水或富烃类的还原性盆地流体有关,该成矿流体通常沿断裂带上侵,并在渗透率较高的杂砾岩层或砂砾岩层中沉淀并富集成矿,在矿石及近矿围岩裂隙中常可见大量黑色沥青物质。     

滥泥坪铜矿低品位资源及伴生元素利用探讨

在对滥泥坪铜矿区矿床地质特征进行分析和研究的基础上,应用矿产资源经济学理论和方法,分别计算了滥泥坪铜矿在不同铜价下的盈亏平衡地质品位,说明了滥泥坪铜矿综合经济品位的优势,通过对伴生元素的利用分析,提出了一些对矿山生产有利的建议。     

塔西地区富烃类还原性盆地流体与砂砾岩型铜铅锌-铀矿床成矿机制

The important Mesozoic-Cenozoic glutenite-type Cu-Pb-Zn-U metallogenic belts are located at the western of Tarim Basin. The large-size Sareke glutenite-type Cu deposit and Wulagen Pb-Zn deposit are in the development period. They still have high potential exploration; however, the metallogenic mechanism is not clear, so that it is difficult for metallogenic prediction and prospecting. The tectonic and geochemical lithofacies show that the basin system including foreland, intermountain and hinterland basins around Southwest Tianshan orogenic belt, has different controls on glutenite-type Cu, Pb-Zn and U deposits. Firstly, the Mesozoic intermontane pull-apart graben basin in Sarekebayi, which is a secondary basin attached to Tuoyun Mesozoic-Cenozoic hinterland basin, is located at the northern of Southwest Tianshan orogenic belt. The Sareke glutenite-type Cu deposit is hosted by amaranthine irony conglomerate in the upper part of the Upper Jurassic Kuzigongsu Formation in this basin. Secondly, Wulagen glutenite-type Pb-Zn deposit is hosted between the upper part of the Lower Cretaceous Kezilesu Group and the bottom of Palaeogene located at the foreland basin of the southern part of Southwest Tianshan orogenic belt. However, Bashibulake large-size glutenite-type U deposit is hosted in the Cretaceous Kezilesu Group of Jiashi foreland basin. Finally, the glutenite-type Cu deposit is hosted in the Oligocene-Miocene and the top of the Palaeogene in the foreland basin system. Tectonic petrography features identifying the hydrocarbon-rich basin fluid include bituminization alteration, bituminization-discolorous alteration, and multiple coupling patterns between cataclastic lithification and bituminization alteration. Nevertheless, the geochemical petrography features include the rich total organic carbon (TOC), and the hydrocarbon-bearing salt-water, gas-liquid-gas/liquid hydrocarbon, light oil and asphalt from organic matter inclusions in the mineral inclusions, and the ore-forming fluids with low and middle salinities, and the orebody of Cu-Ag-Mo intergrowth, and the oxidized facies Cu, sulfured facies Cu and Mo sulfides. Therefore, the metallogenic mechanism of glutenite-type Cu-Pb-Zn-U deposits is clear. Firstly, the hydrocarbon source rocks have given off the hydrocarbon feeders by the sny-faults after tectonic inversion from the strike-slip sag to compressional deformation. Secondly, the tectonic lithofacies zones, including tectonic inversion zones, regional uncomformity, detachment tectonic belts, conglomerates with high porosity and permeability, are the tectonic tunnels for the large-scale migration of hydrocarbon-rich basin fluid. Thirdly, the argillaceous siltstones and gypsum-bearing mudstones from the conglomerates with high porosity and permeability are the signs of tectonic petrography for lithostratigraphic traps. Finally, large-scale hydrocarbon-rich basin fluid and Cu-bearing amaranthine irony conglomerate (oxidized Cu) have multiple-phase fluids and multiple-coupling structure, and maybe the mechanism for the large-scale enrichment mineralization of glutenite-type Cu deposit; the mineralization of brine with lower temperature superimposed by hydrocarbon-rich basin fluid maybe the mechanism for the enrichment mineralization of glutenite-type Pb-Zn deposit; the multiple mixing of hydrocarbon-rich basin fluid and the reduction of oxidized U maybe the mechanism for the enrichment mineralization of glutenite-type U deposit.     

云南个旧锡多金属矿床石榴石地球化学特征及其指示意义

云南个旧锡多金属矿床接触带中的石榴石通过电子探针分析主要为钙铝榴石和钙铁榴石,含少量的镁铝榴石和锰铝榴石。从接触带内侧到外侧,石榴石中的Fe元素总体上具降低趋势,而Al和Mn元素具明显的增大趋势,Sn元素具弱的增大趋势,这主要与钙铁榴石成分的逐渐降低和锰铝榴石成分的逐渐增加有关。在接触带内侧的石榴石可见环状生长纹,Sn含量小于0.03%;在接触带外侧的石榴石可见环状分带构造,Sn含量为0.50%～0.55%。石榴石环状成分分带反映出成矿流体化学成分的波动性,这主要与岩浆期后热液在对围岩进行渗滤交代的过程中物理化学条件发生周期变化有关,在接触带外侧比内侧更有利于Sn的富集和沉淀。     

东川铜矿因民矿区非污染型环境地质问题类型分析

矿产资源的开发大多是以牺牲环境为代价换取经济效益,导致矿山环境地质问题日益突出。通过实地调查,首先介绍了云南省东川铜矿因民矿区的地形地貌、气象水文、地质构造与岩性以及土壤植被等地质环境背景,接着概括了该矿区的主要非污染型环境地质问题,重点就矿山非污染型环境地质问题进行了分类探讨。结果表明:地形地貌复杂、旱季大风少雨、处于落因破碎带、地表岩石破碎松散、山体风化剥落强烈等环境地质特点是该矿区地质灾害发生的有利条件;该矿区主要非污染型环境地质问题分为土地荒漠化、水土流失、土地破坏与复垦、滑坡、泥石流、岩体崩塌以及地面塌陷等,其产生原因主要是矿区特殊的地形、地质构造、水文等以及长期矿业活动的共同影响。为防止矿区非污染型环境地质问题继续扩大,提出了治理这些问题的3点建议:认真贯彻执行有关法律法规;加大治理力度,建立健全监督监管机制;加强内部管理等。     

智利矿业项目运营模式

我国是全球最大的铜消费国,但铜矿石自给率不到一半。为此,我国政府鼓励企业投资海外矿产,以满足其经济快速增长所需。本文解释了智利矿业项目的具体运营方式。