闪锌矿(110)表面离子吸附的动力学模拟

为了查清高碱电位环境对闪锌矿表面性质抑制作用的根本原因 ,采用C2 Soterware分子力场中的万能力场方法 ,对闪锌矿 (110 )表面CaOH 和OH-两种离子的吸附进行了动力学模拟 ,并对吸附能和吸附质量云图进行了分析。模拟结果表明 ,相对于OH-来说 ,CaOH 在闪锌矿 (110 )表面的吸附能更负 ,吸附量更大。由此可知 ,这些吸附在表面的离子又与OH-和硫化矿氧化产物产生的SO2 -4等离子作用形成不溶性亲水表面产物 ,从而导致矿物受到抑制 ,这也正是高碱电位调控成功的原因之一。     

丁基黄原酸甲酸乙酯的合成及对黄铜矿浮选研究

考察了不同条件对丁基黄药合成丁基黄原酸甲酸乙酯(BXEF)的影响。研究结果表明,合成BXEF反应的最佳工艺参数为：反应温度25℃,反应时间200 min,n(丁基黄药)：n(氯甲酸乙酯)=1．04：1。在此条件下,BXEF的产率可以达到94．5%。对江西永平铜矿硫化物矿石的浮选试验结果表明,与丁基黄药相比,BXEF对硫化铜矿有更高的浮选回收率,而且铜精矿中铜的品位更高。对丁基黄药和BXEF的量子化学计算结果表明,BXEF比丁基黄药有更低的能量,稳定性更强。     

BaO-SiO2-B2O3-TiO2系统玻璃的电子自旋共振研究

采用电子自旋共振(ESR)方法研究了钛在BaO-SiO2-B2O3-TiO2系统玻璃中的价态及Ti3+的结构状态.结果表明在正常空气气氛下熔制的玻璃中,钛主要以Ti4+形式存在,所产生的顺磁信号归因于玻璃的本征缺陷和熔制时TiO2中氧的逸出而形成的氧空位捕获电子引起,且随温度升高,氧空位浓度减少;在微还原性气氛下,有部分Ti3+形成,出现g┃=1.9954,g┸=1.9823两处顺磁峰,它们对温度有着不同的依从性,即随温度升高g┃ 峰增强,g┸峰降低;根据Ti3+的g┃ 、g┸)参数的性质,认为Ti3+是处于带四方畸变的八面体配位场中,形成[TiO6];即便在液氮温度下,也难以观察到Ti3+的超精细结构谱线.     

共沉淀法合成CeO2/γ-Al2O3复合纳米晶的研究

以Al(NO3)3·9H2O和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为原料,氨水为pH值调节剂,并加入少量表面活性剂PEG4000,采用化学共沉淀法制备了前驱体,前驱体经高温热处理得到含25%(质量分数)CeO2的CeO2/γ-Al2O3复合纳米晶。通过正交试验,获得了共沉淀的优化条件:pH值为9～10,反应温度约30℃,反应时间为20min,表面活性剂用量为0.44%(质量分数),前驱体热处理温度800℃为宜。使用TG/DTA、XRD、BET、IR、纯度及化学成分分析等方法对CeO2/γ-Al2O3复合纳米晶的性能进行了表征。     

Growth kinetics of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in bioelectrochemical cell

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans might be the most important bacteria used in biometallurgy. The foundation way of its growth process is oxidizing ferrous in order to obtain energy needed for metabolism, but the variation of ferrous concentration and mixed potential of the culture media would have crucial effect on the bacteria growth.Based on the characteristics of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans growth and redox potential of ferric and ferrous, an electrochemical cell was designed conventionally to study growth rule and the relationship between redox potential and bacteria growth was built up, and some growth kinetics of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans were elucidated. It demonstrates that the variation of open potential of electrochemical cell ΔE shows the growth tendency of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, at the initial growth stage, the value of ΔE increases slowly, when at logistic growth stage, it increases drastically, and the growth rate of bacteria is linear with the oxidation rate of ferrous. The bacteria growth kinetics model is proposed using Monod and Michealis-Menten equation, and the kinetics parameters are got. The consistence of the measured and the calculated results proves that it is proper to use the proposed kinetics model and the electrochemical cell method to describe the growth rule of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.     

Corrosive electrochemistry of j amesonite by cyclic voltammetry

The corrosive electrochemistry of jamesonite was studied by cyclic voltammetry. Every peak in voltammograms was identified through thermodynamic calculation. The results show an irreversible electrode process by the strong adsorption of oxidation elemental sulfur on jamesonite. A deficient-metal and sulfur-rich compound is formed under the potential of 80 mV at pH 6.86. The passive action by elemental sulfur occurs from 80 to 470 mVand S2O3^2-, SO4^2- are produced at potential over 470 mV. The anodic peak producing SOz- is inhibited due to the deposition of PbSO4 at higher potential in Na2SO4 solution. The corrosive action of jamesonite becomes strong and the redox characterization similar to PbS, FeS and Sb2S3 appears at pH 9.18.     

Preparation and characterization of Fe/SiO_2 core/shell nanocomposites

In a simple ethanol-water system,the magnetic α-Fe nanoparticles(with an average diameter of 10-40 nm)were prepared by reduction of Fe2 +using potassium borohydride in the presence of surfactant.Then the shell was formed by hydrolysis-condensation polymerization of tetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS)on the surface of the Fe particles.The samples were characterized by XRD,TEM,SAED,TG-DSC and VSM.The results indicate that a thin film of silica is coated on the surface of Fe particles through a Si-O-Fe bond.The coated shell of silica can effectively protect the Fe cores from being oxidized.     

微生物固定化吸附剂吸附Pd(II)的研究

微生物法在吸附处理重金属污染和回收贵金属方面具有广阔的发展前景。利用载体A固定化大肠杆菌开发了一种高效微生物固定化吸附剂,研究其对Pd(II)的吸附特性,构建其对Pd(II)的动态吸附模型,并开展了循环再生实验。结果表明,吸附柱的穿透时间和耗竭时间与大肠杆菌的浓度、微生物固定化吸附剂的填充量成正相关,与溶液流速成负相关;载体A:粘结剂:大肠杆菌的质量比为4:1:3,固定化吸附剂添加量为15 g、溶液流速3 mL/min时,吸附柱对Pd(II)有较好的吸附效率,穿透时间和耗竭时间分别为60 min和360 min;使用2 mol/L的HCl对负载Pd(II)后吸附剂进行解吸处理,解吸率达到99.32%;吸附-解吸循环5次后,固定化吸附剂对Pd(II)的吸附量基本保持不变。     

硫化矿物硫化钠诱导浮选的电化学研究

本文研究了黄铜矿，黄铁矿的硫化钠诱导浮选行为。浮选实验，电化学研究表明，黄铜矿表现出较差的硫化钠诱导浮选行为，而黄铁矿则很好。硫化钠诱导浮选机理是由于ＨＳ－离子在矿物表面氧化产生疏水性的元素Ｓ０所致；硫化矿表面静电位的高低决定了ＨＳ－氧化成Ｓ０的可能性，黄铁矿表面静电位Ｅｍｓ高于ＨＳ－氧化成Ｓ０的电极电位，因而黄铁矿表现出良好的硫化钠诱导浮选特性；黄铜矿表面静电位低于这一电极电位，因而硫化钠诱导浮选性较差。     

诱变混合微生物对铜蓝的浸出

混合微生物通过亚硝酸、紫外线和硫酸二乙酯及其不同组合诱变获得5组混合培养物.浸矿实验表明,1#-4# 混合培养物对蓝铜矿的浸出速度和浸出量均比对照高,以4# 的浸矿效果最佳,但5# 混合培养物的浸矿效果低于时照,说明混合微生物诱变可以获得高浸出效率的微生物群.混合微生物组合的最适生长温度未变,均为30℃,提示筛选获得的混合微生物不适合高温浸矿(45～60℃).