信号分形维数估计的研究与实现*

基于序列分形自仿射特性,提出一种实现一维信号分形维数估计的方法。按不同尺度将信号序列分段为映射区间和象区间,采用搜索算法确定与各象区间最优匹配的映射区间,并根据迭代函数系统理论估计信号的分形维数。以分形维数已知的MackeyGlass和Lorenz信号为例,仿真表明提出的方法能准确估计信号的分形维数,对实际应用具有一定的参考价值。     

改良型Carrousel2000氧化沟的机理和工程应用

氧化沟工艺是20世纪50年代初期发展起来的一种污水处理工艺形式,因其构造简单,易于维护管理,很快得到广泛应用．到目前为止已发展成为多种形式,主要有：Passveer单沟型、Orbal同心圆型、Carrousel循环折流型、D型双沟式、T型三沟式及一体氧化沟等．传统的Passveer单沟型和Carrousel型氧化沟脱氮除磷功能差,但是在Carrousel氧化沟前增设厌氧池,在沟体内增设缺氧区,形成改良型Carrousel2000氧化沟,便具备生物脱氮除磷功能．     

Consistent indexing of a (set of) single crystal SAED pattern(s) with the ProcessDiffraction program

A computer program called "ProcessDiffraction" helps indexing a set of single crystal selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns by determining which of the presumed structures can fit all the measured patterns simultaneously. Distances and angles are measured in the digitalized patterns with a graphical tool by clicking on the two shortest non-collinear vectors (spots), using user-supplied calibration data. Centers of the spots and center of the pattern are optionally refined by the program. Suggested individual indexing solutions (consistent with an assumed unit cell) are listed by the program for each pattern. Simulated patterns are also consulted to check if the shortest calculated distances coincide with measured ones. Common solutions for the set are selected by checking the angles between the suggested zone axes against the angles between the experimental goniometer settings. The indexing process is manually controlled by selecting the candidate structures (one-by-one) for indexing and by specifying the tolerances for d-values, plane angles and zone angles. Patterns of any crystal system can be indexed successfully. Although error bars are larger in electron diffraction than in X-ray diffraction (XRD), frequently, many unrelated indexings are possible for any one electron diffraction pattern (irrespective of the indexing method), a set of SAED patterns can generally be indexed unambiguously, i.e. the three-dimensional reciprocal space can be identified correctly. Two other tools also help planning tilting experiments: zones along a plane can be listed (with their angles extended from a pre-selected zone in that plane) and zones lying at a given angle (specified with a tolerance) from a zone can also be identified (as they are situated between two cones). Another tool searches the XRD database directly either for advice on possible structures for a composition or to help calibration.     

Photon contribution to ambient dose equivalent H(10) in the wide-spectrum neutron reference fields of the IRSN

The photon contribution to ambient dose equivalent in several wide-spectrum reference neutrons fields of the Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety were measured using a Geiger-Müller counter. For the investigated fields, the ratio of photon to neutron ambient dose equivalent ranged between 0.03 and 0.20. The results show that the Geiger-Müller tube is a versatile instrument for dosimetry in mixed photon-neutron fields if sufficient information for the calculation of corrections is available.     

散射测量中的相关检测算法

为了提高系统的集成度,降低测量成本,用LabVIEW软件代替测量系统中的硬件锁相放大器,进而实现超光滑光学表面光散射参数的高性价比的准确测量。设计一种用于检测微弱散射光信号的测量系统,该测量系统由光路、光电探测、数据采集与控制、相关检测算法软件等部分组成。在分析测量系统原理的基础上,研究基于LabVIEW软件平台的锁相算法,提出在微弱光电信号检测中利用软件实现锁相检测的技术,并对其进行仿真实验分析。结果表明:当被测信号频率为0.2 kHz,幅值为1.0 V,噪声幅值为0.5 V时,测量误差为0.1%;证明该方法可有效实现对被调制微弱光电信号的检测。     

正交切削加工有限元模型的建立及其关键技术

基于几种假设的基础上,建立了金属正交切削加工的热力耦合的有限元模型,并分析了正交切削有限元模拟涉及的关键技术。     

微量Y对Mg-5Al-0.8Zn-0.5Mn合金组织性能的影响

在熔炼过程中以Mg-Y中间合金形式加入稀土Y元素,研究0%～2.5%(质量分数,下同)范围内不同含量的Y对Mg-5Al-0.8Zn-0.5Mn合金显微组织、力学性能及腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:经过适量稀土Y微处理后的合金材料具有细小均匀的铸态组织,平均晶粒尺寸维持在35μm左右。Y元素从0变化到2.5%过程中,合金室温力学性能在0～1.3%范围内增加,在1.3%～2.5%范围内降低,材料高温强度则一直呈现升高趋势。稀土Y对合金的腐蚀性能具有改善作用,当Y含量为1.0%时合金的耐蚀性能较好,过量加入Y元素对腐蚀性能有负面影响。     

常温注水井对含水层热贯通的影响机理分析

为探究常温注水井对水源热泵热贯通现象的影响,利用FlowHeat1.0软件模拟了3组情景下含水层渗流场、温度场时空分布特征,并分析了常温注水井对含水层热贯通的影响机理和抽水井水温变化规律。结果表明,常温注水井通过减小回灌井、常温注水井之间的水力坡度和延长地下水渗透途径的方式达到缓解热贯通的效果;回灌井、常温注水井流量比相同时,常温注水井在抽灌井连线的位置对含水层热贯通的影响小;抽灌量不变时,常温注水井与回灌井的流量比越大,常温注水井缓解热贯通的效果越明显;在有利地下水回灌的水源热泵系统中,布设常温注水井能有效地降低含水层热贯通程度。     

引调水PPP项目风险分担的区间模糊Shapley值方法

为协调引调水PPP项目风险分担,针对引调水工程特性,系统分析影响风险分担因子,并运用层次分析法和群组决策特征根法(AHP-GEM)对其进行赋权;然后在构造风险损失模糊函数的基础上,运用区间模糊Shapley值法对引调水PPP项目进行初始风险分担;最后结合风险分担影响因子对初始风险分担值进行修正,提出引调水PPP项目风险分担算法。案例分析表明,修正后的风险分担方案有效克服了人的有限预估风险水平及风险损失的波动性,且权衡了各参与方实际风险承担能力,更与实际相符。     

江苏沿海地区第Ⅲ承压含水层动力场对人类活动的响应机制

第Ⅲ承压含水层作为江苏沿海地区的主开采层,超采问题普遍存在,已形成若干区域性地下水位降落漏斗,甚至引发淡水咸化、地面沉降等环境地质问题。为保证当地经济的可持续发展,在充分了解研究区水文地质条件的基础上,利用区域第Ⅲ承压含水层观测孔的多年水位监测资料,重点分析江苏沿海地区第Ⅲ承压含水层开发利用的2个阶段(超采阶段、控制开采和压缩开采阶段)地下水动力场的演变,从各水文地质区间界线的迁移、区域性降落漏斗及地下水水位动态等方面系统阐述了水动力场时空演化的6个发展过程(1990、1995、2000、2005、2010、2015年),发现主采层地下水动力场对开采活动的响应机制十分积极,地下水位对限采的响应机制多为滞后响应,滞后时间与水文地质参数、距漏斗中心距离有关。