Reshaping the tips of ZnO nanowires by pulsed laser irradiation

Vertically aligned ZnO nanowires have been synthesized by a hydrothermal method. After being irradiated by a short laser pulse, the tips of the as-synthesized ZnO nanowires can be tailored into a spherical shape. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the spherical tip is a single-crystalline piece connected to the body of the ZnO nanowire, and that the center of the sphere is hollow. The growth mechanism of the hollow ZnO nanospheres is proposed to involve laser-induced ZnO evaporation immediately followed by re-nucleation in a temperature gradient environment. The laser-irradiated ZnO nanowire array shows hydrophobic properties while the original ZnO nanowire array shows hydrophilicity. The as-grown ZnO nanowire arrays with hollow spherical tips can serve as templates to grow ZnO nanowire arrays with very fine tips, which may be a good candidate material for use in field emission and scanning probe microscopy.      

Nanostructured Sheets of Ti?O Nanobelts for Gas Sensing and Antibacterial Applications

Three types of Ti? O‐compound‐based nanobelts (Na₂Ti₃O₇, H₂Ti₃O₇, TiO₂) are prepared from commercial TiO₂ powders via an alkaline hydrothermal process. Nanostructured sheets based on the as‐synthesized nanobelts are prepared using a paper‐making process. The nanobelts are connected with hydrogen bonds or/and bridge oxygen atoms and packed together, forming a paperlike porous network structure, with an average pore size of ～500 nm. The electrical properties and gas sensing of the nanostructured sheets are demonstrated to display sensitivity down to sub‐ppb levels. H₂Ti₃O₇ nanobelts decorated with Ag nanoparticles have also been applied as an antibacterial agent.     

基于微带传输线的生物溶液处理用纳秒脉冲电场发生器研制

研究纳秒脉冲电场生物学效应需要相应的高压纳秒脉冲发生器。为此,基于微带传输线与固态开关技术,通过波传播过程分析阐释了Blumlein型微带传输线方波的形成原理;采用CST微波实验室仿真分析了微带传输线充电过程中的电场分布;制作了小型化的纳秒脉冲发生器样机,并搭建测试系统对其进行了性能测试。结果表明,在电转杯负载端得到的纳秒脉冲电压幅值在0~2 k V内可调(即对间隙距离为1 mm的电转杯负载,电场强度在0~20 k V/cm内可调),脉宽为100 ns,上升沿约为20 ns,重复频率在0~1 k Hz内可调。     

基于暂态过电压特性的电力变压器绕组变形故障在线检测

为了在线检测电力变压器绕组变形,及时发现运行变压器潜伏性故障,结合频率响应法的基本原理和变压器绕组在运行期间遭受站内过电压冲击特性,提出了基于暂态过电压特性的绕组变形故障在线检测方法。基于耦合电容原理,通过有限元软件仿真技术,研制了用于在线获取过电压信号的传感器,并进行了相关性能实验测试。与此同时,开展了模拟绕组不同故障类型、故障程度和故障位置的试验。结果表明:研制的110 k V和10 k V过电压传感器均满足过电压信号的在线测量要求,分压比分别为109 723和10 231,响应时间50 ns;绕组试验中不同故障类型绕组的频率响应曲线体现出差异性,不同故障程度和故障位置绕组的频率响应曲线体现出规律性。频率响应曲线波峰波谷变化能综合反映绕组故障信息,从而确定了提出的绕组变形故障在线检测方法具备实际在线应用的潜力。     

基于极性变化直流电压源的铁磁元件铁心剩磁通测量方法

剩磁通可能给变压器带来较大的励磁涌流,影响测量互感器的测量精度。然而目前对于变压器的铁心剩磁通测量还没有规范的方法。为了便捷地测量铁心剩磁通,提出一种采用极性变化的直流电压源来测量铁磁元件铁心剩磁通和剩磁系数的方法。该方法采用半桥电路获得极性变化的直流电压,并施加在绕组两端,使铁心分别达到正、负饱和点。绘制整个过程中的磁通与电流关系曲线,即可得到铁心的部分饱和磁滞回线,根据获得的饱和磁滞回线来计算铁心剩磁通和剩磁系数。并且在电流互感器上开展实验,测得在正、负饱和剩磁点和退磁后的磁通零点的剩磁通平均值分别为4.001m Wb、-3.844m Wb和0.048m Wb。结果表明,该方法具有较高的准确性和稳定性,而且需要的退磁电源功率小,方便携带。     

细胞内外膜跨膜电位频率响应的仿真研究

为研究ns脉冲电场诱导细胞跨膜电位改变的效应,在提出一种球形单细胞内外膜跨膜电位频率响应模型后给出了细胞内外膜跨膜电位的仿真计算方法。通过对频率响应的仿真分析,发现外膜跨膜电位表现出一阶低通滤波器特性,而内膜跨膜电位表现出一阶带通滤波器特性。在内膜频率响应中心频率到上限截止频率的范围内,内膜跨膜电位大于外膜,同时能保持在较高水平,这将有利于诱导细胞内电处理效应。计算结果与实验结果相吻合,为ns脉冲电场治疗肿瘤的窗口参数合理选择提供了一定的理论依据。     

Pt hierarchical structure catalysts on BaTiO3/Ti electrode for methanol and ethanol electrooxidations

Electrooxidations of methanol and ethanol have been investigated on different Pt catalytic titanium-supported electrodes in both acidic and alkaline media using cyclic voltammetry. BaTiO₃ is used for the first time to make a nanoscaled roughness on the surface of Ti foil in order to effectively deposit Pt hierarchical structure and block foulness in solution reactions. The morphology of BaTiO₃ nanocube on Ti foil, Pt catalysts deposited on BaTiO₃/Ti and Ti foil electrodes are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that Pt nanoflowers can be effectively grown on the Ti foil covered with 1 μm layer of BaTiO₃ nanocubes and the catalytic oxidation behaviors to methanol and ethanol are much better than those of the Pt/Ti electrode as Pt nanoparticles can hardly be deposited on the smooth surface of the Ti foil. The Pt/BaTiO₃/Ti electrode could be adopted as excellent catalytic anode in fuel cells.     

单相变压器漏感参数识别计算方法研究

变压器漏感参数的识别可以作为变压器故障判别依据,对变压器漏感的准确识别是变压器故障判别的关键。根据回路平衡方程,提出了基于最小二乘法的单相变压器的漏感识别方法。并通过EMTP-ATP仿真和动模实验室的单相变压器试验验证,仿真测得漏感识别相对误差0.2%,试验测得变压器的漏感与铭牌参数计算的漏感值相对误差3.84%。此外,还在变压器不同饱和程度和不同频率下测量了变压器的漏感值。试验结果表明,基于二乘法的变压器漏感参数识别方法能够正确识别变压器的漏感值,变压器的漏感值与其饱和程度和频率无关。     

渗铝件焊接熔合区的组织与性能

研究了渗铝件焊接熔合区的组织与性能。结果表明：熔合区内形成金属化合物，并具有很高的耐高温氧化性。蒸馏釜底部加热区焊接渗铝薄板后，使用寿命提高６倍。     

脉冲电场上升沿对细胞跨膜电位的影响分析

分析了电场生物效应实验和实用中脉冲电场上升沿的形成并基于经典球形单细胞模型推导出计及上升沿的脉冲电场所诱导的细胞跨膜电位的计算解析式。研究发现:脉冲电场上升沿与细胞跨膜电位峰值、波形密切相关,减少脉冲电场发生电路的电感来增大脉冲电场所诱导跨膜电位的峰值可提高电穿孔的效率。