Microstructure and fatigue properties of hydroformed aluminum alloys 6063 and 5754

This study investigated the microstructure and fatigue properties of hydroformed sections of the 5754 and 6063 aluminum alloys. The second-phase particles in 6063-T7 are identified as a mixture of Al₁₂Fe₃Si and Al₉Fe₂Si₂, with a slightly higher fraction of the former. The constituent particles in the 5754 alloy are Al₄Mn-type hexagonal compounds, where Mn is partially substituted by various other elements, resulting in Al₄(Fe,Mn,Si,Cr). The results show that despite its lower yield strength, the hydroformed 5754 alloy has higher ultimate tensile strength, ductility, and, more importantly, higher fatigue resistance than the 6063 material. Both crystallographic stage I and noncrystallographic stage II cracking are found in the 6063-T7 samples, but only stage II cracking is observed in the 5754 alloy. This implies that the low fatigue strength of 6063-T7 is related to its relatively large grain size, resulting in rapid stage I crack propagation. The higher fatigue lives of the 5754 alloy compared to the 6063 alloy in both the low- and high-cycle life regimes are due to the increased fatigue-crack-initiation and propagation resistance of the 5754 alloy and its probable cyclic strain-hardening behavior.     

IRIS/AP型电感耦合等离子体光谱仪激发光源常见故障分析

本文介绍IRIS/AP型ICP的激发光源(炬管),并较为全面地阐述和分析其不能正常激发点燃的常见故障及其原因。     

大孔径石蜡加氢精制催化剂的制备

采用氨吸附-程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、低温N2吸附(BET)、压汞法以及加氢精制活性评价等技术,探索SiO2-Al2O3载体在制备过程中孔结构和表面性质的变化。实验结果表明,采用特殊扩孔剂制备载体,当焙烧温度为700℃时,平均孔径可达到17.3nm,其中孔径大于20nm的孔占总孔体积的13.2%;同时载体表面上的中、强酸中心也全部丧失,均为弱酸中心。采用该载体制备的MoNiP/SiO2-Al2O3石蜡加氢精制催化剂,在MoO3用量减少了约1/4的情况下,比目前工业上使用的催化剂具有更高的脱金属能力和加氢精制活性。     

TD-SCDMA系统基站间干扰分析

论文以TD-SCDMA通信系统为基础详细分析了TDD系统特有的干扰即基站间干扰问题,同时介绍了基站间干扰分析的具体理论、分析方法和仿真结果,对于TDD系统的实际网络规划和设计具有指导意义。     

创新设计与管理(三):问题求解技术与头脑风暴法

1问题求解PS技术 无论进行何种问题的分析、研究和解决都离不开问题求解（PS，problem solving）的技术与方法。创新设计与管理的本质也是最新的现代问题求解技术与方法。本讲主要介绍问题求解的一般知识。最先进的问题求解技术就是以TRIZ和ADT创新设计与管理理论为代表的新一代问题求解技术，它们正是本讲座以后要介绍的。     

One-to-Many and Many-to-One Optical Chaos Communications Using Semiconductor Lasers

A theoretical construction of one-to-many (OTM) and many-to-one (MTO) chaos synchronization communications using semiconductor lasers is presented. One center laser provides strong injections (strong link) to other side lasers, and the side lasers also provide weak injections (weak link) to the center one. Simulation results show that the side lasers synchronize with the center laser through injection-locking. In addition, messages transmitted via the strong links or the weak links experience strong chaos pass filtering, enabling us to realize OTM and MTO communications.     

Estimation for the number of components in a mixture model using stepwise split-and-merge EM algorithm

The main difficulty with EM algorithm for mixture model concerns the number of components, say g. This is the question of model selection, and the EM algorithm itself could not estimate g. On the contrary, the algorithm requires g to be specified before the remaining parameters can be estimated. To solve this problem, a new algorithm, which is called stepwise split-and-merge EM (SSMEM) algorithm, is proposed. The SSMEM algorithm alternately splits and merges components, estimating g and other parameters of components simultaneously. Also, two novel criteria are introduced to efficiently select the components for split or merge. Experimental results on simulated and real data demonstrate the effectivity of the proposed algorithm.     

Application of piece‐wise linear weight functions for 2D 8‐node quadrilateral element in contact problems

The present study is a continuation of our previous work with the aim to reduce problems caused by standard higher order elements in contact problems. The difficulties can be attributed to the inherent property of the Galerkin method which gives uneven distributions of nodal forces resulting in oscillating contact pressures. The proposed remedy is use of piece‐wise linear weight functions. The methods to establish stiffness and/or mass matrix for 8‐node quadrilateral element in 2D are presented, i.e. the condensing and direct procedures. The energy and nodal displacement error norms are also checked to establish the convergence ratio. Interpretation of calculated contact pressures is discussed. Two new 2D 8‐node quadrilateral elements, QUAD8C and QUAD8D, are derived and tested in many examples, which show their good performance in contact problems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A study of semiconducting properties of hydrogen containing passive films

Mott–Schottky and photoelectrochemical measurements were used to explore the effects of hydrogen and chloride ions on the electronic properties of the passive film on X70 micro-alloyed steel in a solution of 0.5 M NaHCO₃. Mott–Schottky analyses have shown that hydrogen increases the capacitance and donor density, and decreases the flat band potential and the space charge layer thickness of the passive film. The photocurrent of the film is remarkably increased by hydrogen. The effects of hydrogen become more pronounced with an increase in the hydrogen charging current densities. Hydrogen has no noticeable effect on the band gap energy E_g and the process by which hole-electron pairs are photo-generated in the film. The presence of chloride ions in the solution produces some similar effects on the electronic properties of the passive film to those observed with hydrogen, but reduces the photocurrent and increases the band gap energy of the film. No significant synergistic effects on the electronic properties of the passive film were observed in the presence of hydrogen and Cl⁻. These results provide very useful information for elucidating the mechanism by which hydrogen changes the properties of passive film and then promotes localized corrosion.