The Evolution of Colour Scanner Technology

Predictions of the nucleation-and-growth model of latent-image formation are discussed with regard to the fraction of latenl-subimage grains expected under various experimental situations. Detecting these subimage grains under practical conditions with low-intensity post-exposure light latensification usually involves correcting for fog induced by the post exposure. Two procedures for correcting this fog (one due to Farnell, Jenkins, and Solman; the other due to Burton) are analyzed. The Burton correction is shown to be the proper way to correct for post-exposure fog. Recent light-latensification experiments by Attridge on Kodak Blue Brand x-ray emulsion utilized the Farnell-Jenkins-Solman correction. These data arc reanalyzed using the Burton correction, showing a maximum sensitivity increase upon latensification of-0.25 log E. This result is in excellent agreement with the predictions of the nucleation-and-growlh model for Atlridge’s experimental conditions.     

A study on integrated design conjugation profiles application analysis of scroll profiles for automobile air conditioning

The research on scroll profiles theory at present mainly is aiming at the single profile and its amelioration or parameter optimization,not aiming at the natural characteristic of the profiles equation of scroll profiles itself.Thus,the intrinsic differential equation bearing on arc-length and tangent direction angle was studied.Using the inherent differential equation and general functional theory,the conversion ideas between the expression of intrinsic differential equation and the expression in Cartesian...     

Model updating based on incomplete modal data

The objective of model updating is to improve the accuracy of a dynamic model based on the correlation between the measured data and the analytical (finite element) model. In this paper, we intend to update the mass and stiffness matrices of an analytical model when only modal frequencies or spatially incomplete modal data are available. While the proposed method is systematic in nature, it also preserves the initial configuration of the analytical model, and physical equality and/or inequality constraints ...     

Oxidative detoxification of aqueous bark extracts. Part II: Alternative methods

The most important problem associated with the high-pH autoxidative detoxification of methanogenic toxins in debarking wastewater was its limited application to the aqueous extractives of bark from specific species. The autoxidative polymerization of coniferous bark extracts exhausted prior to complete removal of the toxic oligomeric tannins. As a result, highly toxic spruce bark extracts were only partly detoxified. Birch bark extracts were not detoxified, even though effective polymerization of the oligomeric tannins occurred. The non-tannin toxins in birch bark extracts and toxic intermediates produced by high-pH autoxidation of these extracts were responsible for the poor detoxification results. These problems can potentially be resolved by applying alternative oxidation methods. In this study a high level of detoxification was obtained for all bark species tested by short-term destructive oxidations with H₂O₂, or by long-term aerobic biological treatments which caused high levels of polymerization. The applicability of high-pH autoxidation was also made feasible for all species of bark by applying a granular active carbon treatment after the autoxidation. The active carbon was able to adsorb the residual toxic oligomeric tannins of autoxidized spruce bark extracts and the non-tannin toxins in autoxidized birch bark extracts. Additionally, a potential disadvantage of the autoxidative detoxification method is the formation of colored end products. Although these compounds are non-toxic and are non-biodegradable, their elimination from the wastewater would be necessary if discharge norms concerning color and non-biodegradable COD must be fulfilled. The destructive oxidation with H₂ O₂ produced non-toxic low-molecular-weight compounds which did not have much color. The autoxidation and long-term aerobic biological treatments produced highly colored humic end products which could be eliminated by calcium precipitation.     

Internet-future communication within the industry

The Internet is nearly 30 years old, having been used extensively by academic and government sectors since its birth. More recently, dramatic increases in participation by the industrial sector have been in evidence. However, the cement industry, including cement manufacturers, equipment manufacturers, and related organizations, has not yet become an active participant. Why should the cement industry embrace the Internet? What are the potential benefits, both economic and otherwise? Electronic mail, providing efficient communications among its members, is only one. Others include the sharing of research and promotional information; educational programs (distance learning) on cement and concrete via the Internet; access to timely information, including regulatory and industry information; and electronic discussion groups in which technical problems and ideas can be addressed and discussed. Before participation becomes a reality, several things need to occur. Industry leaders must be convinced that there is sound economic reason to invest the time and money in their companies' participation. They also need to be educated on its use and to see how other related industries are using it. And they need to provide input on the specific types of information and services that are needed. This paper outlines the potential benefits of the Internet, demonstrates both existing and developing applications, and describes specific efforts toward a unified presence by the cement and concrete industries     

中原油田集输管线腐蚀行为研究

中原油田集输管线的腐蚀特点均以内腐蚀为主 ,腐蚀穿孔多发生在管线底部。以四厂南二线为例 ,对产出气、产出水的组成及腐蚀性进行了分析化验 ,结果表明 :输送的液体含水率高且为层流 ,造成管线底部直接与水相接触。由于产出水pH值较低、矿化度高 ,并且含有大量的硫酸盐还原菌 (SRB)和HCO-3,CO2 ,导致管线底部垢下腐蚀。提出了以管线内防腐蚀和投加杀菌缓蚀剂为主的防护措施     

Effect of film thickness on the evolution of annealing texture in sputtered copper films

Microstructural evolution during elevated temperature annealing of sputter deposited copper (Cu) films was investigated by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Analysis of films was performed both in situ using a heating stage, and by ex-situ observation of microstructural evolution. It was noted that not only is the Cu film texture and grain size a function of film thickness, but also that the fraction of twin boundaries present in the material is strongly dependent upon film thickness. This is explained by means of a simple model that considers the energy of the system. Surface and interface energies, as well as grain boundary energies for random high angle boundaries and for twin boundaries (both coherent and incoherent planes) are used in the determination. The model was shown to accurately predict the twin boundary size in self-annealed films. This type of analysis also results in a texture map similar to that presented by Thompson,¹² but incorporates the development and effect of twin boundaries, so that additional texture components (in addition to 111 and 100 fibers) are included.     

雷诺应力(RSM)模型对旋流器分离性能预测研究

为了优化液．液旋流管的结构设计，进行了旋流管结构筛选试验研究和旋流管内单相和油水两相湍流流动的数值模拟技术研究。应用CFD计算软件，采用雷诺应力模型对液．液旋流分离管内的单相强旋流场进行数值模拟。计算出了旋流管内的压力场分布、各旋流管压力降以及压力降在旋流管各部件的分配比例。各旋流管的压力降计算值和试验吻合较好，相对误差基本不超过10％，计算出了各种旋流管的粒级效率曲线，计算结果与试验结果一致。     

Burg 算法在地震数据反褶积中的应用

Burg 算法的一个重要概念是在求自相关函数时,对数据时窗外仅作最大随机性假设,而不认为等于零。用这一概念,可以外推自相关函数。当用 Burg算法求反滤波器预测误差因子 a_i~((m))时,既不计算自相关函数,也不计算反滤波因子的全部系数值,而只需要计算因子最末一点的系数 a_m~((m)),并且这一计算仅限定在数据时窗范围内进行。本文将 Burg 算法具体应用于地震数据反褶积中,在求 a_m~((m))时作了部分的修改,提高了稳定程度,改善了反褶积的地震剖面质量。从已进行的实际地震数据试算结果来看,只要处理参数使用恰当,地震剖面上信号的分辨率均有十分明显的提高,并且信噪比也有所改善。     

地质统计地震反演方法及其在民丰断裂带封堵中的应用研究

断层既可作为油气运移的通道，又可对油气形成封堵。在砂岩含量丰富、造近油源的复杂断块区，断层封堵区域的分析与界定使我们能直接划分由封堵形成的油气藏范围。这类区域以断层两侧岩性配置封堵模式为主。分析岩性对接配置的理想方法是根据断层两侧钻井资料确定断层面的岩性对接，实际上常因钻井资料少而使此法难以施行。在分析、比较多种测井约束地震反演方法后，我们找到一种反演结果可靠的地质统计反演方法，依此研究断层面岩性对接关系。将其应用到民丰断裂带封堵分析研究中，反演出了较理想的岩性剖面。