Continuous purification of porcine lipase by rotating annular size-exclusion chromatography

Non-accidental head injury, be it shaking, impact(s) or a combination of the two, is characterised by subdural and/or subarachnoid haemorrhages with retinal haemorrhages, but minimal or absent external cranio-facial trauma. The classical assault scenario depicts the infant being gripped around the head, face, chest and abdomen and shaken or being gripped by a limb and swung. This gripping might be expected to leave physical evidence in the form of bruising. A study was undertaken to establish the prevalence, distribution and pathological association of external bruising in 24 cases of fatal non-accidental head injury in children. At autopsy, 17 cases had new external bruises, 15 old external bruises and 13, a combination of both. However, seven (29%) cases showed no fresh external bruising and five (21%) showed no external bruising at all. Thus, external bruising may be absent in children with fatal intracranial injury. The face was shown to be the commonest site of bruising followed by the forehead and buttocks. Limb, chest and abdominal bruising were found to be uncommon. Retinal haemorrhages were confirmed in 23 (96%) cases. It is hypothesised that bruising, when present, may be a result of abuse in the form of punches and slaps rather than due to gripping during the assault. We discuss why gripping does not necessarily result in external bruising.     

多臂井径测井技术在油田套损检测领域的应用

本文通过研究表明,多臂井径测井资料尤其是独立臂测量井径测井资料,可以确定套损点主剪切面,精确识别套损地质层位,为套损机理研究提供依据;可以判定套损点或套损段的具体形态,如剪切形态、弯曲形态、缩径形态等,为准确制订大修措施提供依据。实际证明,多臂井径测井技术在油田套损防治领域作用重大、前景广阔。     

水平井砾石充填SLCH防砂工艺矿场试验

砾石充填是适用于疏松砂岩油藏水平井的一种较好的防砂方法，但由于在充填过程中水平段容易形成砂桥导致防砂失败，长期以来在中国缺乏成功的矿场应用实践。介绍了水平井砾石充填SLCH防砂工艺，详细阐述了该工艺的基本原理、防砂管柱结构、施工流程、施工参数和矿场试验情况。矿场试验证实，SLCH防砂工艺能够较好地应用于疏松砂岩油藏水平井防砂，具有良好的推广应用前景。     

马寨油田低电阻率油层测井方法研究

马寨油田沙三中、下段地层中存在着低电阻率油气层，其计算含油饱和度低于50％，束缚水饱和度可达60％以上。马寨地区地层水矿化度高，使地层导电能力增强，电阻率降低，形成低含油饱和度、低电阻率油层。根据这一主要特点，以确定地层束缚水饱和度为主要目的，从确定粒度中值入手，利用自然伽马及中子、密度测井资料来评价这一地层参数。利用钻井取心分析化验结果和粒度中值，计算地层束缚水饱和度。采用油藏理论综合分析储层流体动态，利用束缚水饱和度与地层含水饱和度评价油气层，并建立了一整套计算方程和解释图版。     

Biodegradation of Mixtures of Phenolic Compounds in an Upward-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor

The anaerobic biodegradability of mixtures of phenolic compounds was studied under continuous and batch systems. Continuous experiments were carried out in up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors degrading a mixture of phenol and p-cresol as the main carbon and energy sources. The total chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal above 90% was achieved even at organic loading rates as high as 7 kg COD/m3/day. Batch experiments were conducted with mixtures of phenolic compounds (phenol, p-cresol, and o-cresol) to determine the specific biodegradation rates using unadapted and adapted anaerobic granular sludge. Phenol and p-cresol were mineralized by adapted sludge with rates several orders of magnitude higher than unadapted sludge. Additionally, an UASB reactor was operated with the mixture phenol, p-cresol, and o-cresol. After 54 days of operation, 80% of o-cresol (supplied at 132 mg/L) was eliminated. The phenol biodegradation was not affected by the presence of o-cresol. These results demonstrate that major phenolic components in petrochemical effluents can be biodegraded simultaneously during anaerobic treatment.     

断陷盆地群的含油气系统特征——以海拉尔盆地乌尔逊、贝尔凹陷为例

从构造、地层及生、储、盖组合特征出发，以含油气系统的基本原理为依据，划分和比较了乌尔逊、贝尔凹陷6个含油气系统的基本特征，根据各含油气系统的断陷构造样式、断裂发育特征、油气藏类型和分布，总结出双断反转型、断超反转型、断超串型型、简单双断型和无机CO2型共5种类型的含油气系统模式，以此为依据预测了海拉尔盆地其它次级断陷的含油气系统类型。     

复合解堵技术研究及其在侧钻水平井中的应用

钻井液中的膨润土引起的固相颗粒堵塞和聚合物对油的吸附伤害在常规储层中是最主要的2种伤害固素，为同时解除2种因素对储层的伤害，进行了聚合物对岩心的伤害试验，开展了复合解堵体系配方研究，以潜在复酸为主体酸液，加入氧化剂C，缓蚀剂，铁离子稳定剂，粘土稳定剂，表面活性剂等添加剂，形成复合酸解堵体系，对其综合性能进行了评价，结果表明，解堵率为94．58％，腐蚀速度为4．27g/m^2.h，相对缓速率为54．73％，表面张力为27．62mN/m。复合解堵体系的解堵率比酸液的解堵率有较大幅度地提高，经2口侧钻水平井应用表明，该体系解堵效果明显。     

论水平裂纹表面的扩展条纹

本文研究水平裂纹表面的扩展条纹,讨论其特点,分析其形成。指出固体粒子冲击并脱离靶面后由于水平裂纹扩展所形成的薄碎片尚在自由振动,使水平裂纹在其扩展过程中CTOD(裂纹顶端张开位移)发生周期性改变,从而形成扩展条纹。用薄膜自由振动模型估算条纹间距,并与多种材料的实测结果进行对比,两者近似。     

叠加速度不闭合引起的闭合差

二维地震勘探相交测线的交点闭合差,对二维地震资料解释成果的精度有很大的影响。以往人们对低、降速带引起的闭合差很重视,但忽略了多次覆盖地震资料处理中叠加速度不闭合引起的闭合差问题。本文通过实例说明,叠加速度不闭合不仅引起较大的闭合差,影响地震构造图的精度,而且还会引起波形、频率及振幅的变化,影响岩性解释工作。因而,对此问题应引起人们的足够重视。