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151.
Pre- and/or post-compensators are designed to square down a general MIMO system to a uniform rank system, the structure of which is almost similar to a SISO system. The method of squaring down either does not change the finite zero structure of the given MIMO system or simply adds additional finite zeros in the left half s-plane. The significance of such a squaring down lies in the simplicity of the structure of a uniform rank system lending itself for easy analysis and control design. 相似文献
152.
The problem of Langmuir probe data deformation due to RF pickup by the probe is treated through a computer simulation method. It is pointed out that proper RF compensations can be obtained by treatment of the Langmuir probe raw data through the use of computer software. It is demonstrated that correct, RF unaffected probe I–V characteristics can be accurately reproduced from the RF contaminated data. This eliminates the need for the use of any filters or other hardware procedures. User friendly matlab based software is presented. The software automatically retrieves the correct RF I–V characteristics for single Langmuir probe data which consequently allows for proper evaluation of plasma parameters such as the plasma electron temperature, electron number density and the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) 相似文献
153.
Issam El Gmati Pierre Francois Calmon Ali Boukabache Patrick Pons Hatem Boussetta Mouhamed Adel Kallala Kamel Besbes 《Microsystem Technologies》2014,20(6):1085-1091
In this work, RF MEMS continuous reversible variable inductor has been fabricated by using microelectronic technology and lamination process. We review, evaluate and compare this variable inductor with other work. The proposed inductor is a dual circular coil and has an inductance of few nH. The fundamental idea is to place a liquid droplet between the metal turns of a coil in order to modify the capacitive/resistive coupling between metal tracks and hence to change the stored magnetic energy. The SU-8 resin was used to realize the microfluidic channels and Au as metallic tracks. To prove the reversibility of the inductor, two cases were studied: filling and emptying of channels. The tuning range of the inductance is approximately 107 % at 1.6 GHz, making these devices very suitable as building blocks in many RF applications. 相似文献
154.
Ali B. Alamin Dow Adel Gougam Nazir P. Kherani I. W. Rangelow 《Microsystem Technologies》2014,20(4-5):955-961
The current work reports on the realization of movable micromachining devices using self-aligned single-mask fabrication process. Only dry etching process utilizing inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching was used to release 3D micro structures from single crystal silicon substrate. No wet etching process is required to release the structures as is the case with silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers. Also the developed process does not require an SOI substrate and accordingly dispensing with the application of a wet etching step, thus yielding uniform structures without stiction. The optimized process was applied to realize thermally actuated microgrippers. The article presents the development of the fabrication process and demonstrates the operation of the fabricated device. The optimized process provides an avenue for low cost fabrication of movable micromachining devices without the use of complicated wet etching steps typically associated with SOI substrates. 相似文献
155.
Bernard Archimede Agnes Letouzey Muhammad Ali Memon Jiucheng Xu 《Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing》2014,25(5):1077-1087
Nowadays, manufacturers have to share some of their resources with partners due to the competitive economic environment. The management of the availability periods of shared resources causes a problem because it is achieved by the scheduling systems, which assume a local environment where all resources are on the same site. Therefore, distributed scheduling with shared resources is an important research topic. In this communication, we introduce the architecture and behaviour of DSCEP framework (Distributed, Supervisor, Customer, Environment, and Producer) under shared resources situation with disturbances. We are using a simple example of manufacturing system to illustrate the ability of DSCEP framework to solve the shared resources scheduling problem in complex systems. 相似文献
156.
M. N. Jha D. K. Pratihar A. V. Bapat V. Dey Maajid Ali A. C. Bagchi 《Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing》2014,25(6):1315-1333
Bead-on-plate welding of zircaloy-4 (a reactive material) plates was conducted using electron beam according to central composite design of experiments. Its predictive models were developed in the form of knowledge-based systems in both forward and reverse directions using neural networks. Input parameters considered for this welding of reactive metals were accelerating voltage, beam current and weld speed. The responses of the welding process were measured in terms of bead width, depth of penetration and micro-hardness. Forward mapping of the welding process was conducted using regression analysis, back-propagation neural network (BPNN), genetic algorithm-tuned neural network (GANN) and particle swarm optimization algorithm-tuned neural network (PSONN). Reverse mapping of this process was also carried out using the BPNN, GANN and PSONN-based approaches. Neural network-based approaches could model this welding process of reactive material in both forward and reverse directions efficiently, which is required for the automation of the same. The performance of the neural network models was found to be data-dependent. The BPNN could outperform the other two approaches for most of the cases but not all in both the forward and reverse mappings. 相似文献
157.
Catalytic degradation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was carried out under nitrogen using a laboratory fluidised bed reactor operating at 360 °C with catalyst to polymer feed ratio of 2:1 and at 450 °C with catalyst to polymer feed ratio of 6:1 under atmospheric pressure. The catalysts used in this study were ZSM-5, US-Y, ASA, fresh FCC (fluid catalytic cracking) commercial catalyst (Cat-A) and equilibrium FCC catalysts with different levels of metal poisoning were studied. The initial results for polymer degradation at 360 °C (catalyst to polymer ratio of 2:1) in a fluidised bed reactor in terms of the yield of volatile hydrocarbon products were: model catalysts>commercial FCC catalyst>E-Cats. However, when the process conditions more closely resembled to FCC conditions, the fresh commercial FCC catalyst was more favourable in terms of the yield of volatile hydrocarbon products. The degradation of HDPE over E-Cats although reduced was similar to ASA in product selectivity and yield, and the level of metal contamination did not affect the product stream generated. A simple economic evaluation of polymer recycling process is reported showing that a catalytic system based on E-Cats appears comparable in costs to a commercial thermal cracking plant. 相似文献
158.
Ali Safarzadeh-Amiri 《臭氧:科学与工程》2002,24(1):55-61
The destruction of methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in contaminated waters by O3/H202 process was studied and the influence background COD, alkalinity, and hydrogen peroxide and MTBE concentrations on process treatment efficiency and ozone dosage was investigated. The treatment efficiency was evaluated by an Efficiency Index, which is based on electrical energy requirement for ozone production. It was found that the treatment efficiency decreases linearly with increasing concentrations of MTBE at constant background COD and with background COD at constant MTBE concentration. A simplified kinetic scheme was presented to account for these observations. 相似文献
159.
Ali Rezaee Amir Masoud Rahmani Ali Movaghar Mohammad Teshnehlab 《The Journal of supercomputing》2014,67(2):345-383
In cloud computing, services play key roles. Services are well defined and autonomous components. Nowadays, the demand of using Fuzzy inference as a service is increasing in the domain of complex and critical systems. In such systems, along with the development of the software, the cost of detecting and fixing software defects increases. Therefore, using formal methods, which provide clear, concise, and mathematical interpretation of the system, is crucial for the design of these Fuzzy systems. To obtain this goal, we introduce the Fuzzy Inference Cloud Service (FICS) and propose a novel discipline for formal modeling of the FICS. The FICS provides the service of Fuzzy inference to the consumers. We also introduce four novel formal verification tests, which allow strict analysis of certain behavioral disciplines in the FICS as follows: (1) Internal consistency, which analyzes the service in a strict and delicate manner; (2) Deadlock freeness; (3) Divergence freeness; and (4) Goal reach ability. The four tests are discussed and the FICS is verified to ensure that it can pass all these tests. 相似文献
160.
S. M. Ali Eslami Nicolas Heess Christopher K. I. Williams John Winn 《International Journal of Computer Vision》2014,107(2):155-176
A good model of object shape is essential in applications such as segmentation, detection, inpainting and graphics. For example, when performing segmentation, local constraints on the shapes can help where object boundaries are noisy or unclear, and global constraints can resolve ambiguities where background clutter looks similar to parts of the objects. In general, the stronger the model of shape, the more performance is improved. In this paper, we use a type of deep Boltzmann machine (Salakhutdinov and Hinton, International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, 2009) that we call a Shape Boltzmann Machine (SBM) for the task of modeling foreground/background (binary) and parts-based (categorical) shape images. We show that the SBM characterizes a strong model of shape, in that samples from the model look realistic and it can generalize to generate samples that differ from training examples. We find that the SBM learns distributions that are qualitatively and quantitatively better than existing models for this task. 相似文献