Optimal Resource Management of Microgrids in a Competitive Market Environment Using Dual Layer Control Approach

Abstract

Renewable integrated microgrids effectively contribute in reducing GHG emissions substantially, at a global level. A multi-agent control system to facilitate information exchange for a microgrid participating in the deregulated framework of the electricity market is proposed. A novel energy management system, aimed at the effective utilization of RES and stored energy in PHESS in order to ensure maximum priority based social benefit to the microgrid controller is presented. The intermittent nature of RES which might cause uncertainties in availability during real-time dispatch, is effectively dealt in the proposed dual layer control approach, through optimal usage of PHESS and employment of load prioritization technique in the proposed renewable microgrid. Thus, the research carried out in this work not only ensures the committed power exchange is maintained constant in both DASL and RTDL, but also contributes significantly in PBSB maximization of the microgrid, while managing real-time uncertainties in RES availability. The importance of pre-prioritizing the loads is put forth, in order to ensure that, if load curtailing needs to be done during peak demand intervals, the critical loads must not suffer. The developed algorithm has been successfully implemented on a 16 bus microgrid interconnected with a 30 bus main grid.     

Corrosion Inhibition effect of Clerodendron Colebrookianum Walp Leaves (Phuinam) Extract on the Acid Corrosion of Mild Steel

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - The adsorption and anticorrosion effect of crude methanolic extract of Clerodendron colebrookianum walp leaves (CCWL) were investigated...     

A facile route to develop electrical conductivity with minimum possible multi‐wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) loading in poly(methyl methacrylate)/MWCNT nanocomposites

Today, we stand at the threshold of exploring carbon nanotube (CNT) based conducting polymer nanocomposites as a new paradigm for the next generation multifunctional materials. However, irrespective of the reported methods of composite preparation, the use of CNTs in most polymer matrices to date has been limited by challenges in processing and insufficient dispersability of CNTs without chemical functionalization. Thus, development of an industrially feasible process for preparation of polymer/CNT conducting nanocomposites at very low CNT loading is essential prior to the commercialization of polymer/CNT nanocomposites. Here, we demonstrate a process technology that involves in situ bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate monomer in the presence of multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and commercial poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) beads, for the preparation of PMMA/MWCNT conducting nanocomposites with significantly lower (0.12 wt% MWCNT) percolation threshold than ever reported with unmodified commercial CNTs of similar qualities. Thus, a conductivity of 4.71 × 10^?5 and 2.04 × 10^?3 S cm^?1 was achieved in the PMMA/MWCNT nanocomposites through a homogeneous dispersion of 0.2 and 0.4 wt% CNT, respectively, selectively in the in situ polymerized PMMA region by using 70 wt% PMMA beads during the polymerization. At a constant CNT loading, the conductivity of the composites was increased with increasing weight percentage of PMMA beads, indicating the formation of a more continuous network structure of the CNTs in the PMMA matrix. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed the dispersion of MWCNTs selectively in the in situ polymerized PMMA phase of the nanocomposites. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

A new switching scheme for hybrid FSO/RF communication in the presence of strong atmospheric turbulence

Photonic Network Communications - Hybrid FSO/RF communication systems make use of an RF link with OWC link to achieve higher reliability along with high data rate communication. Both these (OWC and...     

A sensitive voltammetric sensor based on synergistic effect of graphene–polyaniline hybrid film for quantification of calcium antagonist lercanidipine

A chemically modified sensor based on the synergistic effect of graphene and polyaniline for electrochemical sensing of calcium antagonist lercanidipine (LCP) has been developed. Scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, square‐wave voltammetry, and cyclic voltammetry were utilized to characterize the morphology and electroanalytical performance of the fabricated sensor. Under optimized conditions, reduction peak current was linear over the wide concentration range from 5 to 125 ng mL^?1 with correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were found to be 1.94 and 5.89 ng mL^?1. The developed sensor also exhibited good reproducibility and long‐term stability. In addition, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of LCP in pharmaceutical formulation which is proved by recovery studies. Graphene–polyaniline composites are expected to be promising material for biosensing applications because of the ease of fabrication, excellent electrochemical performance, and high electroactive surface area. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40959.     

Evidence for two-dimensional solitary sound waves in a lipid controlled interface and its implications for biological signalling

Biological membranes by virtue of their elastic properties should be capable of propagating localized perturbations analogous to sound waves. However, the existence and the possible role of such waves in communication in biology remain unexplored. Here, we report the first observations of two-dimensional solitary elastic pulses in lipid interfaces, excited mechanically and detected by FRET. We demonstrate that the nonlinearity near a maximum in the susceptibility of the lipid monolayer results in solitary pulses that also have a threshold for excitation. These experiments clearly demonstrate that the state of the interface regulates the propagation of pulses both qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally, we elaborate on the striking similarity of the observed phenomenon to nerve pulse propagation and a thermodynamic basis of cell signalling in general.     

Compatibilization Mechanism of Nanoclay in Immiscible PS/PMMA Blend Using Unmodified Nanoclay

Organically modified nanoclays have been reported to play the role of a compatibilizer for immiscible polymer blends. However, the mechanism of compatibilization by nanoclay has been reported differently. In this work, we investigated the exact mechanism of compatibilization of nanoclay in immiscible polystyrene (PS)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blend in the presence of sodium-montmorillonite (Na-MMT) through selective dispersion of clay in the matrix phase. Through a detailed investigation of the morphology of PS/PMMA/Na-MMT blend nanocomposites, the plausible mechanism behind the compatibilization effect of clay in immiscible blends has been proposed.     

An overview of global climate changing in current scenario and mitigation action

Climate changing is a global threat to the world. There are so many reasons behind this problem. One of the major reasons is carbon emissions in atmosphere. The causes for this global threat are many, among them GHG (green house gas emission) is one of them. Also deforestation, land use change, sulfate aerosol and black carbon are the other major reason leading to the ozone layer depletion and changing climate.Due to the carbon emission atmosphere is being polluted and also so many disasters happen routinely. Atmosphere is getting hot day by day. Due to this unnatural and sudden temperature rise, glaciers are melting, so sudden flash floods occur. Agricultural sector is also suffering due to the global warming effects. This will also affect the productivity of grains world wide. Climate changing increases land and as well as sea temperature and alters precipitation quantity and patterns. As a result increasing the global average sea level, risk of coastal erosions, etc. climate change will be an added stress for the fisheries and aquaculture sectors. Effects will also be severe on coasts and marine ecosystems. Extreme events like drought, flood may also happen due to these impacts. This paper elaborately present the current situation of climate changing and the causes of its vulnerable effects, also the mitigation action of climate changing are also discussed.     

Modeling semivolatile organic aerosol mass emissions from combustion systems

Experimental measurements of gas-particle partitioning and organic aerosol mass in diluted diesel and wood combustion exhaust are interpreted using a two-component absorptive-partitioning model. The model parameters are determined by fitting the experimental data. The changes in partitioning with dilution of both wood smoke and diesel exhaust can be described by two lumped compounds in roughly equal abundance with effective saturation concentrations of approximately 1600 microg m(-3) and approximately 20 microg m(-3). The model is used to investigate gas-particle partitioning of emissions across a wide range of atmospheric conditions. Under the highly dilute conditions found in the atmosphere, the partitioning of the emissions is strongly influenced by the ambient temperature and the background organic aerosol concentration. The model predicts large changes in primary organic aerosol mass with varying atmospheric conditions, indicating that it is not possible to specify a single value for the organic aerosol emissions. Since atmospheric conditions vary in both space and time, air quality models need to treat primary organic aerosol emissions as semivolatile. Dilution samplers provide useful information about organic aerosol emissions; however, the measurements can be biased relative to atmospheric conditions and constraining predictions of absorptive-partitioning models requires emissions data across the entire range of atmospherically relevant concentrations.