Process evaluation in FinFET based 7T SRAM cell

Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing - The main aim of device scaling or usage of different technology is to reduce power. The major problem with technology scaling is power dissipation...     

Densification behaviour and three-dimensional printing of Y2O3 ceramic powder by selective laser sintering

The selective laser sintering (SLS) of an yttria (Y₂O₃) ceramic powder was studied to understand both the effects of i) the initial yttria particle characteristics on the powder bed behaviour and ii) the process conditions (laser power, scanning speed, hatching space) on the sintering/melting of three-dimensionally printed objects. The roughness of the powder bed, a sensitive indicator of the layer bed quality, was determined through three-dimensional optical profilometry and the powder bed packing density was modelled using the discrete-element method. Complex shaped objects including spheres and open rings were successfully fabricated by the SLS three-dimensional printing. In addition, SLS cube-shaped samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The open pore volume fraction significantly decreased from 41% without a post-SLS heat treatment to 31% with a post-SLS heat treatment at 1750 °C for 20 h under secondary vacuum. Finally, an anisotropy in elastic properties has been highlighted, Young's modulus reaches 11 GPa in the stiffest direction.     

Clinical Implications of Exosomes: Targeted Drug Delivery for Cancer Treatment

Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles generated by cells for intercellular communication. Due to their composition, significant research has been conducted to transform these particles into specific delivery systems for various disease states. In this review, we discuss the common isolation and loading methods of exosomes, some of the major roles of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment, as well as discuss recent applications of exosomes as drug delivery vessels and the resulting clinical implications.     

Energy efficient rendezvous points based routing technique using multiple mobile sink in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

Wireless Networks - In recent decades, Sensor nodes (SNs) are used in numerous uses of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSNs) to obtain a variety of sensing data sources. Sink mobility...     

Zinc Oxide Nano-Spicules on Polylactic Acid for Super-Hydrophilic and Bactericidal Surfaces

The artificial construction of nature-mimic inorganic–organic heterostructures is an emerging technological interest for protective surface applications. Mimicking the spikiness of sea urchin spicules for their protective function, here, the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanometer-scale spicules grown from micrometer-scale polylactic acid (PLA) beads and fibers as super-hydrophilic and bactericidal surfaces is reported. The thermodynamic mechanism behind the interfacial assembly of pre-entrapped ZnO nanoparticles right at the PLA–water interfaces above the glass transition temperature of PLA, allowing for the follow-up growth of nano-spicules on the PLA templates is uncovered. This sea urchin-like topography of ZnO nano-spicules induces super-hydrophilicity while generating reactive oxygen species as well as allowing the stabbing action of nano-spicules. All of the above help enhance the bactericidal activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in an unprecedentedly effective way. The findings conceptualize a new strategy to spontaneously assemble nanoparticles at the polymer–liquid interfaces, enabling various heterostructures with topography-induced functions.     

Premixed hydrogen-air flames interacting with a hydrogen porous wall

A laminar one-dimensional hydrogen-air flame travelling and quenching towards a chemically inert permeable wall (PW) is studied. Hydrogen flows through the wall into the premixed H₂-air. The S3D numerical code with detailed chemistry is used. PW results are compared against results of an impermeable wall (IW), including effects of varying wall mass flux, stoichiometry, inert dilution and unburned-gas and wall temperatures. The maximum reaction heat release rate occurs at the wall in all cases. For rich and stoichiometric mixtures, PW with fuel influx gave a moderate reduction of the quenching (i.e. maximum) wall heat flux compared to IW, whereas for a lean mixture, the increase is considerable. Effects of the fuel influx on the importance of individual elementary reactions and radicals and intermediate species are investigated. The lean PW cases have similarities to much richer IW cases. Both a lower wall temperature and dilution reduce the burned-mixture temperature and, consequently, the wall heat flux.     

An investigational back surface cooling approach with different designs of heat‐absorbing pipe for PV/T system

A solar photovoltaic panel accumulates substantial amount of heat, which deteriorates its performance. Thus, to minimize the panel temperature, 3 new designs (semioval serpentine, circular spiral, and circular spiral semiflattened) of absorbers for back surface cooling are introduced in this paper. Experimental investigations on the panel performances with and without the designed cooling systems are performed. A similar experiment with an existing serpentine design of absorbers is also conducted, and the results of all the experiments are compared. The circular spiral semiflattened design absorber has shown preeminent performance among all the absorbers in terms of the highest improvement in efficiency (4.32%), fill factor (19.80%), etc.     

Magnetohydrodynamics Nanofluid Flow Containing Gyrotactic Microorganisms Propagating Over a Stretching Surface by Successive Taylor Series Linearization Method

Nanofluid dynamics with magnetohydrodynamics has tremendously contributed in industrial applications recently since presence of nanoparticle in base fluids enhances the specific chemical and physical properties. Owing to the relevance of nanofluid dynamics, we analyze the nanofluid flow in the presence of gyrotactic microorganism and magnetohydrodynamics through a stretching/shrinking plate. The impacts of chemical reaction and thermal radiation on flow characteristics are also studied. To simplify the governing equations of microorganisms, velocity, concentration and temperature, the similarity transformations are employed. The couple governing equations are numerically solved using Successive Taylor Series Linearization Method (STSLM). The velocity profile, motile microorganism density profile, concentration profile, temperature profile as well as Nusselt number, skin friction coefficient, Sherwood number and density number of motile microorganisms are discussed using tables and graphs against all the sundry parameters. A numerical comparison is also given for Nusselt number, Sherwood number, skin friction, and density number of motile microorganisms with previously published results to validate the present model. The results show that Nusselt number, Sherwood number and density number diminish with increasing the magnetic field effects.     

Retraction Note: Solder Selection for Reflowing Large Ceramic Substrates During PCB Assembly

Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention - This article has been retracted by the corresponding author as he did not have permission to publish the data. The editor has been unable to contact Noy...