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101.
为解决传统巷道布置条件下复合顶板软弱岩层沿空巷道存在顶板易变形、易失稳、易冒落,无法长久维持巷道围岩稳定性等一系列难题,本文基于错层位外错式巷道布置方式,利用相邻区段间巷道空间化结构关系,提出综放复合顶板错层位外错式相邻区段巷道联合支护技术,理论分析该支护技术的围岩控制作用机理,采用FLAC3D数值模拟软件对错层位外错式巷道布置条件下相邻区段巷道联合支护方案进行研究并与传统巷道布置下常规支护方案进行对比。模拟结果表明:采用“错层位外错式巷道布置+相邻区段间巷道联合支护技术”为核心的综合围岩控制措施,可加强易离层垮落顶板的支护强度,使围岩应力在联合支护的作用下趋于均衡,从而最大限度地发挥支护体系的支撑作用,达到巷道稳定的目的。 相似文献
102.
Snehalkumar Parmar Kamal K. Pant Mathew John Kishore Kumar Shivanand M. Pai Shalini Gupta Bharat L. Newalkar 《Journal of Porous Materials》2014,21(5):849-857
Hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane is performed over ZSM-12 framework having tailored Brønsted acidity to investigate the effect in terms of product selectivity and yield. For this purpose, pure phase of ZSM-12 (bulk molar ratio Si/Al ~ 60) has been synthesized using TEABr as a structure directing agent. The framework Brønsted acidity is tailored with group II elements (M) viz. Ca, Ba and Mg, by means of ion-exchange method. The samples so prepared have been characterized for phase purity, textural parameters, morphology by employing powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm measurement at 77 K, and scanning electron microscopy technique, respectively. Similarly, % metal exchange is estimated using inductively coupled plasma technique. The quantification of Brønsted acidity for H+–M++–ZSM-12 samples has been estimated by means of ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of ammonia (NH3-FTIR). The well characterized H+–M++–ZSM-12 samples were loaded with Platinum (Pt, 0.5 wt%) and subjected to hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane using an up-flow fixed bed reactor to verify the effect of process parameters like temperature and WHSV. Pt/H+–Ba2+–ZSM-12 with tailored Brønsted acidity in the range of about 25 % demonstrated the optimum performance among all the catalysts with an increased isomer selectivity and yield (89.2 and 80.3 %, respectively) by about 4 wt% at a conversion level of about 90 % compared to Pt/H+–ZSM-12 framework at 568 K. Such enhancement in isomer selectivity and yield is found to be significant from commercial application point of view. Based on the obtained trend, the potential benefits of implementation of Pt/H+–Ba2+–ZSM-12 (bulk molar ratio Si/Al ~ 60) framework for cold flow property improvement of ‘bio-ATF’ have been envisaged. 相似文献
103.
Production of hydrogen in a granular sludge-based anaerobic continuous stirred tank reactor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kuan-Yeow Show Zhen-Peng Zhang Joo-Hwa Tay David Tee Liang Duu-Jong Lee Wen-Ju Jiang 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2007,32(18):4744-4753
An investigation on biohydrogen production was conducted in a granular sludge-based continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The reactor performance was assessed at five different glucose concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 g/L and four hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 h, resulting in the organic loading rates (OLRs) ranged between 2.5 and 20 g-glucose/L h. Carbon flow was traced by analyzing the composition of gaseous and soluble metabolites as well as the cell yield. Butyrate, acetate and ethanol were found to be the major soluble metabolite products in the biochemical synthesis of hydrogen. Carbon balance analysis showed that more than half of the glucose carbon was converted into unidentified soluble products at an OLR of 2.5 g-glucose/L h. It was found that high hydrogen yields corresponded to a sludge loading rate in between 0.6 and 0.8 g-glucose/g-VSS h. Substantial suppression in hydrogen yield was noted as the sludge loading rate fell beyond the optimum range. It is deduced that decreasing the sludge loading rate induced the metabolic shift of biochemical reactions at an OLR of 2.5 g-glucose/L h, which resulted in a substantial reduction in hydrogen yield to 0.36–0.41 mol-H2/mol-glucose. Optimal operation conditions for peak hydrogen yield (1.84 mol-H2/mol-glucose) and hydrogen production rate (3.26 L/L h) were achieved at an OLR of 20 g-glucose/L h, which corresponded to an HRT of 0.5 h and an influent glucose concentration of 10 g/L. Influence of HRT and substrate concentration on the reactor performance was interrelated and the adverse impact on hydrogen production was noted as substrate concentration was higher than 20 g/L or HRT was shorter than 0.5 h. The experimental study indicated that a higher OLR derived from appropriate HRTs and substrate concentrations was desirable for hydrogen production in such a granule-based CSTR. 相似文献
104.
Pai Peng Shenghui Guo Linhu Li Hui Jin Zhiwei Ge Liejin Guo 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(53):26834-26847
In the offshore petroleum industry, polymer-containing oily sludge (PCOS) hinders oil extraction and causes tremendous hazards to the marine ecological environment. In this paper, an effective pretreatment method is proposed to break the adhesive structure of PCOS, and the experiments of supercritical water gasification are carried out under the influencing factors including residence time (5–30 min) and temperature (400–750 °C) in batch reactors. The increase of time and temperature all show great promoting effects on gas production. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including naphthalene and phenanthrene, are considered as the main obstacles for a complete gasification. Carbon gasification efficiency (CE) reaches maximum of 95.82% at 750 °C, 23 MPa for 30 min, while naphthalene makes up 70% of the organic compounds in residual liquid products. The highest hydrogen yield of 19.79 (mol H2/kg of PCOS) is observed in 750 °C for 25 min. A simplified reaction pathway is presented to describe the gaseous products (H2, CO, CO2, CH4). Two intermediates are defined for describing the reaction process bases on the exhaustive study on organic matters in residual liquid products. The results show that the calculated data and the experimental data have a high degree of fit and tar formation reaction is finished within 10 min. 相似文献
105.
A method to select and separate viable cells based on the results of a cell-lethal assay was developed. Cells were plated on an array of culture sites with each site composed of closely spaced, releasable micropallets. Clonal colonies spanning multiple micropallets on individual culture sites were established within 72 h of plating. Adjacent sites were widely spaced with 100% of the colonies remaining sequestered on a single culture site during expansion. A laser-based method mechanically released a micropallet underlying a colony to segment the colony into two genetically identical colonies. One portion of the segmented colony was collected with 90% efficiency while viability of both fractions was 100%. The segmented colonies released from the array were fixed and subjected to immunofluorescence staining of intracellular phospho-ERK kinase to identify colonies that were highly resistant or sensitive to phorbol ester-induced activation of ERK. These resistant and sensitive cells were then matched to the corresponding viable colonies on the array. Sensitive and resistant colonies on the array were released and cultured. When these cultured cells were reanalyzed for phorbol ester-induced ERK activity, the cells retained the sensitive or resistant phenotype of the originally screened subcolony. Thus, cells were separated and collected based using the result of a cell-lethal assay as selection criteria. These microarrays enabling clonal colony segmentation permitted sampling and manipulation of the colonies at very early times and at small cell numbers to reduce reagent, time, and manpower requirements. 相似文献
106.
The present work is focused on optimization of machining characteristics of Al/SiCp composites.The machining characteristics such as specific energy,tool wear and surface roughness were studied.The parameters such as volume fraction of SiC,cutting speed and feed rate were considered.Artificial neural networks(NN) was used to train and simulate the experimental data.Genetic algorithms(GA) was interfaced with ANN to optimize the machining conditions for the desired machining characteristics .Validation of optimized results was also performed by confirmation experiments. 相似文献
107.
Thermal conductivity of Fe-Si alloys prepared by the SHS process 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tae Ho Song Hong Lim Lee Chul Noon Pai T. Mitsuhashi 《Journal of Materials Science Letters》1995,14(23):1715-1717
108.
109.
Pai C.-Y. Lynch W.E. Al-Khalili A.J. 《Vision, Image and Signal Processing, IEE Proceedings -》2003,150(4):245-255
Traditional fast discrete cosine transform (DCT)/inverse DCT (IDCT) algorithms have focused on reducing arithmetic complexity and have fixed run-time complexities regardless of the input. Recently, data-dependent signal processing has been applied to the DCT/IDCT. These algorithms have variable run-time complexities. A two-dimensional 8/spl times/8 low-power DCT/IDCT design is implemented using VHDL by applying the data-dependent signal processing concept onto the traditional fixed-complexity fast DCT/IDCT algorithm. To reduce power, the design is based on Loeffler's fast algorithm, which uses a low number of multiplications. On top of that, zero bypassing, data segmentation, input truncation and hardwired canonical sign-digit (CSD) multipliers are used to reduce the run-time computation, hence reducing the switching activities and the power. When synthesised using CMC 0.18 /spl mu/m 1.6 V CMOSP technology, the proposed FDCT/IDCT design consumes 8.94/9.54 mW, respectively, with a clock frequency of 40 MHz and a processing rate of 320 Msample/s. This design features lower dynamic power consumption per sample, i.e. it is more power-efficient than other previously reported high-performance FDCT/IDCT designs. 相似文献
110.
Shigan Deng Ping-Feng Pai Chih-Chiang Lai Peir-Shin Wu 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2005,26(5-6):499-504
Due to its high reliability, composite material is commonly used in industry. Moreover, the stacking sequence is very crucial to the strength of the composite material. However, the arrangement of this sequence is very time-consuming. Actually, since stacking sequences are usually NP complete, simulated annealing (SA) algorithms were borrowed to deal with the stacking sequence problems in this study. The edging stress of a composite plate with constant thickness, which was obtained using an analytical method, was used as the objective function in the SA algorithms. Three examples of constant thickness and symmetrical composite laminate plates were used to examine the performance of the proposed algorithms. The results of computational tests presented are very promising. 相似文献