提高单片机系统可靠性的若干措施

由单片机构成的测控系统，大多应用于工业现场，存在着各种干扰。为保证微机系统可靠地工作，本文提出了若干提高单片机系统可靠性的措施，并进行了分析和介绍。     

强流溅射源负离子出束实验研究

在离子源实验台架上，利用200型强流溅射离子源进行8种元素的负离子出束实验研究。这些负离子对应元素的电子亲合势大部分接近或小于零，负离子难以形成。实验中尝试使用不同的靶材料和辅助气体产生负离子，以提高负离子束的束流强度。     

Neighborhood Cohesion as a Buffer Against Hostile Maternal Parenting.

This study explored the moderating effects of children's neighborhoods on the link between hostile parenting and externalizing behavior. Participants were 1st- or 2nd-grade children in an urban northeastern community. Children were administered the Parenting and Neighborhood scales of the Child Puppet Interview, and mothers completed questionnaires on neighborhood quality and parenting practices. Census tract measures of neighborhood quality and teachers' reports of children's externalizing behavior also were obtained. Results indicated that children's and mothers' perceptions of neighborhood involvement-cohesion buffered the link between hostile parenting and externalizing problems. Children's externalizing behavior was unrelated to census tract variables. Findings highlight the protective effect of neighborhood social cohesion and the utility of including young children's perspectives in research on neighborhoods and families. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Overt and Relational Aggression and Perceived Popularity: Developmental Differences in Concurrent and Prospective Relations.

Relations of overt and relational aggression with perceived popularity among children and early adolescents were examined in 2 studies (Ns = 607 and 1,049). Among older youths, positive concurrent relations found between overt aggression and perceived popularity became nonsignificant when relational aggression was controlled, whereas positive associations found between relational aggression and perceived popularity held when overt aggression was controlled. Aggression and perceived popularity were not positively related for the younger participants. The 2nd study also examined the temporal ordering of these relations over 6 months. For older girls, positive relations between relational aggression and perceived popularity were bidirectional. For older boys, relational aggression did not predict increased perceived popularity, but perceived popularity predicted increased relational aggression. Implications for intervention are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Parents' Personality and Infants' Temperament as Contributors to Their Emerging Relationship.

The authors examined the contributions of infant's temperament and parent's personality to their relationship. In Study 1, 102 infants, mothers, and fathers were studied when infants were 7 months; in Study 2, 112 infants and mothers were followed from 9 to 45 months. Infants' temperament (joy, fear, anger, and attention) was observed in standard temperament paradigms. Parents' personality measures encompassed the Big Five traits and Empathy in Study 1 and Mistrust, Manipulativeness, Aggression, Dependency, Entitlement, and Workaholism in Study 2. Parent-child relationship (shared positive affect and parental responsiveness in Studies 1 and 2 and parental tracking of the infant in Study 1) was observed in naturalistic contexts. In Study 1, mothers' Neuroticism, Empathy, and Conscientiousness and fathers' Agreeableness, Openness, and Extraversion related to the relationship with the infants. All measures of infant temperament also related to the emerging relationship. In Study 2, maternal Mistrust, Manipulativeness, Dependency, and Workaholism predicted the relationship with the child. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Internationale Rekrutierung und Migration von Ärztinnen, Ärzten und Personal in Gesundheitsfachberufen: ein qualitatives Scoping Review der Public Health Literatur

Background

The international recruitment and migration of health workers has long been debated in the health policy literature. This study assesses to what extent the ethics of international recruitment are targeted in existing public health peer-reviewed literature, with a focus on concepts and in-depth consideration within articles. It further critically discusses hidden implications of this discourse regarding equity-creating health policy.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative scoping literature review searching the databases PubMed and Web of Science. Articles were assessed for quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist for qualitative research. Drawing on a thematic analysis approach, common themes across the sample were identified, coded and analyzed.

Results

A total of 17 articles were included in the analysis after searches and quality appraisal. These articles predominantly targeted nursing professions and physicians, and were written mainly by authors working in the Global North. Thematic analysis revealed that ethics are generally discussed in connection with overviews regarding the situation of health systems as well as regarding inequities between countries. Their focus lies more on migration between countries than between regions within a country. Proposed solutions are usually of an economic nature and range from global financial equalization between countries to national improvements in working conditions. Creative evaluation schemes for these solutions are rarely discussed in depth. Overall, the academic ethics discussion focuses predominantly on the health systems level, and views migration of health workers as problematic.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that academic research operates and aims to inform policy within the current system, without necessarily proposing fundamental changes to the status quo. Thus, an ethics discourse of health workforce recruitment may serve to increase awareness of inequalities without supporting radical change. Further research into intersectional aspects of health worker migration, including gender and ethnicity, may be useful for the discussion on inequities.

     

丹佛斯210/250cm~3排量柱塞泵新品亮相

正日前,丹佛斯推出了210/250cm3排量的柱塞泵,完善了H1家族柱塞泵和弯轴马达的产品型谱。截止目前,丹佛斯柱塞泵拥有覆盖45~250 cm3的14个排量序列,以及弯轴柱塞马达横跨60~250 cm3的5个排量序列。高效率弥补发动机低转速在当今严格的排放和安全法规要求下,H1系列的泵和马达采用紧凑和轻量化的设计理念,能够给系统设计提供较大的灵活性。更高的运行效率可补偿为顺应新的排放法规而降低的发动机转速。拥有专利技术的集成式速度限制器(ISL)作为泵的一个高级功能模块,可以改善车辆制动性能,并消除发动机超速风险。     

Quantifying ambivalence towards sustainable intensification: an exploration of the UK public’s values

Sustainable intensification (SI) has been proposed as a solution to meeting the challenge of feeding a growing global population under increasing land pressure. This paper explores the level of ambivalence felt towards SI and towards experts promoting SI based solutions to meet food security. A web-based experiment was conducted with 600 respondents who had varying degrees of knowledge about food security issues. We found a diversity of public ambivalence towards sustainable intensification and a high level of felt ambivalence towards experts promoting SI as a solution to global food security. High levels of ambivalence towards experts seemed to influence how messages on global food security were accepted. Moreover, within the respondents here sustainable consumption and greater equity ranked higher than production based sustainable intensification solutions. This paper represents the first application of the psychological construct of ambivalence applied to the topic of sustainable intensification and we argue this helps to localise the debate around SI as it offers the opportunity to capture or disentangle responses towards food security issues.