Coloring effect of the organic hybrid of polyamide 6 and N,N′‐ethylene‐bis(tetrabromophthalimide)

Coloring study in organic hybrid of polyamide (PA6) and N,N′‐ethylene‐bis(tetrabromophthalimide) (EPT), where the chromophore was self‐assembled by hydrogen bonding formed between PA6 molecular chains and EPT compound, have been characterized by several techniques. CS930 double wavelength lamella scanner was employed to measure the change of color. The existence of hydrogen bonding in PA6/N‐N′‐ethylene‐bis (tetrabromophthalimide) (PA6EPT) was investigated with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), the results of which were compared with that of PA6 with the same thermal history. FTIR spectra at room temperature revealed that there is essentially hydrogen bonding between PA6 and EPT. The crystallization behavior of PA6EPT affected by hydrogen bonding was studied by using FTIR. The temperature‐dependent behavior of both PA6 and PA6EPT was studied by temperature‐FTIR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). With temperature increasing, changes in sensitive, high‐resolution absorbance spectra are observed as dissolve‐volatilizing thin film. Temperature‐FTIR results showed that the hydrogen bonding in PA6EPT attenuated and dissociated considerably at a smaller rate than PA6, that is to say, hydrogen bonding in PA6EPT is more stable than that in PA6. DSC showed that the melting temperature of PA6EPT and PA6 are similar. However, the crystalline degree and crystalline temperature and melting enthalpy of PA6 and PA6EPT are different. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 594–600, 2007     

Preparation and characterization of rubber‐toughened poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/organoclay nanocomposite

Rubber‐toughened poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)–organoclay nanocomposite (RTPTTCN) was prepared by a melt mixing technique. The rubber‐toughened PTT (RTPTT) was made by blending it with ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) and with a small amount of maleated EPDM as a compatibilizer. XRD and TEM analysis indicated that the RTPTTCN forms a partially exfoliated nanocomposite. It was observed from SEM analysis that the clay nanoparticles induced a reduction of rubber particle size in the PTT matrix. Tensile and dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the clay nanoparticles enhance the stiffness of the RTPTT without adversely affecting its toughness. Melt rheological studies revealed that the nanocomposites exhibited strong shear thinning behavior, and a percolated network of the clay particles was formed. It was also observed from DSC that the clay nanoparticles caused an increase in the nonisothermal crystallization temperature of the PTT. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:863–870, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Study on Tribological Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene Drawn Uniaxially at Different Temperature

Summary: Wear behavior correlations with morphology have been established from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) drawn at 200, 327, and 375 °C with draw ratio about 4. The friction coefficient and wear rate for PTFE drawn at 327 °C are lower and the wear rate is lower than that of undrawn PTFE by about 30%. The structures of samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), DSC, and wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). Results indicate that the debris morphologies of samples are different. The differences in the tribological behavior of undrawn and drawn samples were attributed to the improvement of the degree of the crystalline, fibrillation, and orderliness by drawing, especially, for PTFE drawn at 327 °C. The orderliness of molecular arrangement along the drawn direction is also higher for PTFE drawn at 327 °C than those of PTFE drawn at 200 and 375 °C, respectively. Therefore, the intensity of covalent bond along drawn direction is higher. The shear resistance and the deformability of the material are greatly improved and the size of the wear breakage unit decreases, which results in a good tribological property for PTFE drawn at 327 °C.

SEM morphology of fractured surface perpendicular to the draw direction for PTFE drawn at 327 °C.     

注射成型中影响存料区熔体温度分布的因素

本文叙述了注射成型中加工参数、物料性能及螺杆结构对存料区熔体温度分布的影响。     

一种高度炼化一体化的乙烯发展方案

简要介绍了三种炼化一体化新技术,由此提出了一种高度炼化一体化的乙烯发展方案,与常规的炼化一体化方案进行了对比分析,表明该方案的乙烯原料更加优质且轻质化,其丙烯/乙烯比可达1.1以上。     

Synthesis and characterization of novel aromatic condensation polymers containing rigid benzoxazole pendent groups

A new aromatic diamine monomer containing benzoxazole substituents was prepared by a multistep synthesis starting from 1,4‐dibromo‐2,5‐difluorobenzene. The diamine was polymerized with commercial aromatic dianhydride or dicarboxylic acid chloride monomers to provide several different poly(amic acid)s and polyamides with their inherent viscosities in the range of 0.24–0.46 dL/g. Thermal properties of these polymers including thermal imidization of poly(amic acid)s into polyimides were investigated by using FTIR, DSC, and TGA. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 178–185, 2004     

Continuous production of structured phospholipids in a packed bed reactor with lipase from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thermomyces lanuginosa</Emphasis>

The possibilities of producing structured phospholipids between soybean phospholipids and caprylic acid by lipase-catalyzed acidolysis were examined in continuous packedbed enzyme reactors. Acidolysis reactions were performed in both a solvent system and a solvent-free system with the commercially immobilized lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosa (Lipozyme TL IM) as catalyst. In the packed bed reactors, different parameters for the lipase-catalyzed acidolysis were elucidated, such as solvent ratio (solvent system), temperature, substrate ratio, residence time, water content, and operation stability. The water content was observed to be very crucial for the acidolysis reaction in packed bed reactors. If no water was added to the substrate during reactions under the solvent-free system, very low incorporation corporation of caprylic acid was observed. In both solvent and solvent-free systems, acyl incorporation was favored by a high substrate ratio between acyl donor and phospholipids, a longer residence time, and a higher reaction temperature. Under certain conditions, the incorporation of around 30% caprylic acid can be obtained in continuous operation with hexane as the solvent. Presented at the 95th American Oil Chemists' Society Annual Meeting and Expo in Cincinnati, Ohio, May 10, 2004.     

Study of stability of high‐temperature polyimides using TG/MS technique

The oxidative stability of the carbon fiber‐reinforced composite of polyimide was examined, in real time, using the evolved gas analysis techniques. Off‐gas degradation products suggested the onset temperature for chain scissions to be fairly low at about 190–220°C. Based on the off‐gas products present and the trend of their release, the composite degradation mechanism appeared to be similar between 190 and 371°C, thereby marking 371°C to be the highest accelerated aging temperature for its long‐term lifetime prediction. Beyond 371°C, different degradation mechanisms would apply. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1219–1227, 2002     

活性端基聚氨酯橡胶改性不饱和聚酯树脂的研究(Ⅰ)

通过在不饱和聚酯树脂中加入活性端基聚氨酯橡胶对树脂进行增韧.树脂固化前,橡胶与不饱和聚酯树脂相溶性好;树脂固化时,橡胶中的不饱和双键可参与反应,并与树脂发生相分离.改性后,树脂的冲击强度可提高60%以上,而且拉伸强度、弯曲强度及马丁耐热温度等物理机械性能的保持率也达60%以上.     

Elucidation of the miniemulsion stabilization mechanism and polymerization kinetics

Styrene/hexadecane miniemulsions were polymerized at 50°C using a redox initiator. The miniemulsions and their corresponding latexes were characterized in terms of size, polymerization rate, and surface properties. The resulting data were analyzed to elucidate the miniemulsion stabilization and polymerization mechanisms. It was found that the free surfactant concentration exceeded the critical micelle concentration when large amounts of surfactant (60 mM sodium lauryl sulfate) were used, resulting in simultaneous micellar and droplet nucleation. Most surfactant was on the surface of the droplets (85%) or particles (95%). The fractional surface coverage was proportional to the surfactant concentration to the 0.55 power. Using a particle diameter equation, the number of particles was calculated to be proportional to the surfactant concentration to the 1.35 power. Through direct particle size measurements, a power of 1.38 was confirmed. The rate of polymerization was determined by reaction calorimetry to be proportional to the number of particles to the 0.59 power, in contrast to classical Smith–Ewart kinetics for conventional emulsions (1.0 power). The average number of radicals per particle was estimated from the rate and number data, and varied with the particle diameter to the 0.97 power. The observed kinetic dependencies were validated through an extension of Smith–Ewart theory. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3987–3993, 2003