In situ study of the mechanical properties of airborne haze particles

Particulate pollution has raised serious concerns regarding its potential impacts on human health in developing countries. However, much less attention has been paid to the threat of haze particles to machinery and industry. By employing a state-of-the-art in situ scanning electron microscope compression testing technique, we demonstrate that iron-rich and fly ash haze particles, which account for nearly 70% of the total micron-sized spherical haze particles, are strong enough to generate abrasive damage to most engineering alloys, and therefore can generate significant scratch damage to moving contacting surfaces in high precision machineries. Our finding calls for preventive measures to protect against haze related threat.     

无水石膏AⅢ对β半水石膏性能的影响及作用机理

以磷石膏为原料生产β半水石膏粉,研究了可溶性无水AⅢ对半水石膏粉的影响,采用常规分析方法、TG-DSC、XRD和扫描电镜等方法对磷石膏原料,β半水石膏粉和石膏产品进行分析和表征。差热分析结果表明：磷石膏低温脱水出现两个DSC吸热峰,峰值仅相差6 ℃并存在重叠现象,说明脱水反应分两步进行,发生了不同反应,熟石膏粉中存在不同相混合物。半水石膏粉煅烧最佳工艺：焙烧温度在170±5 ℃内,焙烧时间2 h,熟石膏新粉结晶水含量约3.0%,通过陈化,控制结晶水含量4.8%~5.2%,有利于提高熟石膏粉质量。半水石膏水化热效应结果表明：AⅢ活性高,水化速度快,导致添加减水剂时几乎未见减水增强效果,说明AⅢ影响熟石膏粉质量。陈化粉添加减水剂能提高石膏制品强度,聚羧酸系HC掺量0.7%时,绝干强度达到15.0 MPa,强度提高近64.84%; 奈系FDN掺量0.7%时,绝干强度达到14.8 MPa,强度提高近62.64%;木质素减水剂掺量0.7%时,绝干强度达到13.9 MPa,强度提高近52.75%。     

各向异性砂土剪切带角度的理论分析

针对平面应变条件下各向异性砂土剪切带角度的试验规律,采用传统的3种理论和分叉理论进行对比分析。将平面应变条件下剪切带角度的试验结果按照传统3种理论整理发现,尽管传统3种理论可以估算同种砂剪切带角度的极小、中间和极大值,但无法解释其各向异性规律。砂土在平面应变条件下破坏时会产生明显的剪切带,当剪切带方向和砂土沉积面方向接近时,会较早诱发剪切带的产生,使材料强度降低,造成了平面应变条件下各向异性强度规律明显不同于常规三轴条件下的试验规律,采用分叉理论结合各向异性模型则可以有效解释这个规律。随砂土沉积面角度的变化,模型可以从细观角度解释常规三轴条件下剪切带角度的单调变化的试验规律,结合分叉理论可以描述平面应变条件下其先减小然后增大的规律。通过几种理论对比分析表明,模型结合分叉理论不但能够描述多种应力状态下的平面应变和常规三轴应力条件下剪切带角度表现的不同规律,而且能够从细观角度解释其各向异性成因。     

Effect of competitive adsorption between sodium tripolyphosphate and naphthalene superplasticizer on fluidity of cement paste

The adsorption amount, ζ-potential of cement particles and fluidity of cement paste were tested to research the competitive adsorption between naphthalene superplasticizer(FDN) and STPP. The experimental results showed that the presence of STPP could significantly improve the fluidity of cement paste and reduce the fluidity loss with FDN. There existed a competitive adsorption between STPP and FDN. STPP and calcium ions formed complexes; they preferentially adsorbed onto surface of cement particles and preempt adsorption points of FDN; and it reduced adsorption amount of FDN. In the absence of STPP, saturation adsorption amount of FDN was 5.93 mg/g; but when the dosage of STPP was 0.1%, it reduced to 4.3 mg/g(about 72.5%). The adsorption amount of FDN was reduced by STPP, but ζ-potential of cement particles enhanced and fluidity of cement paste increased because of strong negative charge effect of the complexes. Adsorption of the complexes would delay Ca2+ into liquid and inhibit formation of active adsorption points. Then, content of FDN in liquid increased with the addition of STPP and ζ-potential of cement particles became stable. In this way, fluidity loss of cement paste reduced.     

Preparation and spectral analysis of gold nanoparticles using magnetron sputtering and thermal annealing

Gold(Au) nanoparticles were prepared on Au-fi lm-coated K9 glass and silicon substrates by direct current(DC) magnetron sputtering and thermal annealing treatment. The effects of substrate material, annealing temperature, and time on morphologies of Au nanoparticles were investigated, and the formation mechanism of Au nanoparticles was discussed. The experimental results indicate that silicon substrate is more suitable for the formation of Au nanoparticles. On a silicon substrate, Au nanoparticles formed with good spherical shapes at temperature over 700 ℃. It was also found by spectral analysis that the fi eld enhancement factor of the island-shaped Au particles was smaller than that of the granular Au particles; the better the spherical shape as well as the smaller the size and spacing of Au particles, the higher the light absorption rate; the absorption peak had a red shift with increasing particle size and spacing.     

TRIP steel retained austenite transformation under cyclic V-bending deformation

To investigate the transformation behavior of TRIP steel retained austenite under cyclic load, cyclic V-bending deformation of low carbon Si-Mn TRIP600 was studied by experiment and finite element in this paper. The results showed that, under cyclic V-bending deformation, retained austenite in TRIP steel transformed into martensite gradually with the increasing of bending times, and for the symmetrical characteristic, upper surface and lower surface presented the same transformation tendency. From the first to the fourth V-bending deformatiort, retained austenite volume fraction decreased nearly linearly and then attained saturation step by step. Compressive stress state was helpful for martensite transformation than tension stress state with V-bending deformation, and strain magnitude was the determining factor for retaining anstenite martensitic transformation. With the increasing of bending times effective stress increased and the relationship between maximum effective stress and bending times was nearly linear. Effective stress and effective strain distribution were non-uniform, the maximum effective stress and effective strain were present in the center of the samples. The relationships between retained austenite and V-bending times, and retained austenite with effective strain were set up as Eqs.（1）-（5）. The relationship was typical quadric function, decreased linearly for the initial deformation and attained saturation finally.     

Preparation and properties of PMMA modified silica aerogels from diatomite

Diatomite was used as raw material to prepare sodium silicate with a modulus of 3.1 by alkalidissolution method and the resulted sodium silicate solution was employed as a precursor. Methyl methacrylate monomers were introduced in wet gels through solution-immersion, and upon heating at 70 ℃, the mesoporous surfaces throughout the skeletal framework were coated with the polymer layer. PMMA modified silica aerogels were successfully synthesized via ambient pressure drying. The properties were investigated by FTIR, NMR, TGA, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, FESEM and nano-indentation, etc. Results indicate that with the increasing of PMMA incorporated into silica aerogels, the bulk density and the BET surface area increase, the porosity decreases. Through the observation of FESEM, it is found that the interconnecting pores and the big pores add, the pore size distribution expands from 5-17 to 28-150 nm. By comparison, the PMMA modified silica aerogels achieve a 52-fold increase in hardness and a 10-fold increase in modulus.     

基于流固耦合方法的大展弦比机翼非线性颤振特性分析

针对大展弦比机翼的柔性大、变形大的特点,基于非定常涡格法求解机翼的非定常气动力,考虑了大展弦比机翼的几何非线性效应,提出了计算大展弦比机翼非线性颤振分析的新方法。以某平板机翼为例:计算了机翼静气动弹性变形、振动特性和颤振特性随着攻角增大的变化规律;比较了颤振结果线性解与非线性解的差别。相关的分析结果表明:大展弦比机翼颤振分析需同时考虑几何非线性效应和气动网格变形。     

仿蝙蝠折叠扑翼机构设计与分析

基于对蝙蝠飞行方式的研究,提出了一种仿蝙蝠扑翼飞行器设计方案,并且通过单一原动件驱动,既实现了拍动和折叠的耦合协调运动,又提高了系统的单位质量功率系数.设计的对称双翼拍动机构能保证左右翅膀同步运动,为飞行器的平稳飞行提供了保证.采用凸轮机构来控制翅翼的伸展和收缩,通过调整凸轮外轮廓线和初始相位角可以控制蝙蝠翅翼的折叠状况.拍动机构和翅翼折叠机构的协调耦合,可以实现翅翼空间运行轨迹的规划.建立了翅膀拍动和折叠的数学模型,在此基础上编写了仿真程序,仿真结果达到了预期的目标.     

基于六边形AMC结构的60 GHz片上天线的设计

介绍一种基于六边形人工磁导体结构采用标准CMOS工艺的60 GHz片上天线的设计。标准CMOS工艺以金属硅为衬底,但衬底硅的低电阻率(10Ω·cm)和低的电子迁移率特性对天线辐射有较大影响。AMC结构通过合理的设计具有类似于理想磁壁的同相位反射特性。通过在天线与硅衬底之间周期加载AMC结构,可以有效地提高天线的增益、辐射效率等。重点讨论了采用人工磁导体结构的天线优化设计,并基于三维电磁仿真软件Ansoft HFSS仿真比较了不同排列的人工磁导体结构对天线性能的影响。