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排序方式: 共有592条查询结果,搜索用时 515 毫秒
11.
Michiko Kusunoki Kyoko Yonemitsu Yukichi Sasaki Yukio Kubo 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1993,76(3):763-765
Zirconia (ZrO2 ) particles (average diameter, 30 nm) were observed in an in situ heating experiment up to 1200°C using a 400-kV high-resolution electron microscope. Thermal vibration of atoms on a (001) surface plane was observed at 1100°C. At 1200°C, grain growth and sintering phenomena were recorded on a videotape, showing (100) lattice planes migrating on a surface of a particle. Direct observation of the sintering process on a lattice level was accomplished for the first time. 相似文献
12.
The compositions of ester- and amide-linked fatty acids from ceramides of human vernix caseosa were described with emphasis
on the distribution of the branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA). Two novel ceramides were isolated from vernix caseosa in the
course of this study: the acylated type of esterified α-OH-hydroxyacid/sphingosine ceramide (Cer[EAS]) and nonacylated type
of non-OH fatty acid/hydroxysphingosine ceramide (Cer[NH]). Their chemical structures were identified by nuclear magnetic
resonance and chemical procedure. The Cer[EAS] was an acylceramide and consisted of the highest concentrations of ester- and
amide-linked BCFA (62 and 67%, respectively). The iso- or anteiso-branching structures of the aliphatic chains were confirmed
by the mass spectra of their picolinyl or pyrrolidide derivatives. As a whole, amide-linked fatty acids of ceramides 1–7 and
Cer[NH] were normal types of straight-chain fatty acids with or without α- or ω-hydroxylation. The BCFA concentrations of
amide-linked fatty acids in these ceramides (ceramides 1–7 and Cer[NH]) were low and less than 10%. The BCFA thus occurred
exclusively in a novel acylceramide of Cer[EAS] in the vernix caseosa. 相似文献
13.
Unique deterioration with a periodical striped pattern on the injection moldings of polypropylene/rubber blends is reported. After exposure to ultraviolet irradiation with a sunshine fade meter, striped patterns appeared on the injection moldings along the flow direction of the molten resin during the filling process of injection molding, even though the initial specimen showed no sign of any stripe pattern on its surface. The stripe was carefully observed with ultrasonic echo imaging, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. As a result, a number of microvoids were observed inside the injected body at a depth of 50–100 μm from the surface. It became clear that the difference in the number of voids along the flow direction formed the stripe pattern. Surprisingly, these voids occurred in domains comprising a rubber phase. The distribution of voids in depth indicated the existence of a trace of a snakelike flow caused inside the injected body during the injection‐molding process. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007 相似文献
14.
Minoru Tsuda Setsuko Oikawa Akira Yokota Mitsuo Yabuta Wataru Kanai Ken-Ichi Kashiwagi Isamu Hijikata Hisashi Nakane 《Polymer Engineering and Science》1983,23(18):993-999
A dry developable negative working resist composition comprised of poly(methyl isopropenyl ketone) (PMIPK) and 4-methyl-2,6-di(4′-azido-benzylidene) cyclohexanone-1 was examined. The main photochemical product formed in the resist pattern was found to be a secondary amine which crosslinks PMIPK. Post-annealing forms a hydrogen-bonded product which shows a powerful electronic excitation energy quenching effect. The quencher is more powerful than the aromatic compound arising from the azide by post-annealing only. The residual resist thickness of the negative pattern is about 80 percent of the initial thickness of the coating in spite of all the azide compound remaining in the resist coating. The obtained dry developed resist pattern has a high dry etch resistance. Etchings of Si and SiO2 were performed by plasma and reactive ion etching, respectively. 相似文献
15.
Shibata M Mohri A Kanai Y Enomoto Y Yamazaki Y 《The Review of scientific instruments》2008,79(1):015112
We have developed a compact cryogenic system which cools a vacuum chamber housing multi-ring trap electrodes (MRTs) of an antihydrogen synthesis trap using mechanical cryocoolers to achieve background pressure less than 10(-12) Torr. The vacuum chamber and the cryocoolers are thermally connected by copper strips of 99.9999% in purity. All components are installed within a diametric gap between the MRT of phi108 mm and a magnet bore of phi160 mm. An adjusting mechanism is prepared to align the MRT axis to the magnet axis. The vacuum chamber was successfully cooled down to 4.0 K after 14 h of cooling with heat load of 0.8 W. 相似文献
16.
Golf swing robots have been recently developed in an attempt to simulate the ultra high-speed swing motions of golfers. Accurate
identification of a golf swing robot is an important and challenging research topic, which has been regarded as a fundamental
basis in the motion analysis and control of the robots. But there have been few studies conducted on the golf swing robot
identification, and comparative analyses using different kinds of soft computing methodologies have not been found in the
literature. This paper investigates the identification of a golf swing robot based on four kinds of soft computing methods,
including feedforward neural networks (FFNN), dynamic recurrent neural networks (DRNN), fuzzy neural networks (FNN) and dynamic
recurrent fuzzy neural networks (DRFNN). The performance comparison is evaluated based on three sets of swing trajectory data
with different boundary conditions. The sensitivity of the results to the changes in system structure and learning rate is
also investigated. The results suggest that both FNN and DRFNN can be used as a soft computing method to identify a golf robot
more accurately than FFNN and DRNN, which can be used in the motion control of the robot. 相似文献
17.
Investigations were made of varistor microstructure, the morphology of Bi2O3 at multiple ZnO grain junctions, Bi2O3/ZnO grain boundaries and ZnO/ZnO grain boundaries (especially whether Bi2O3 is present or not at the ZnO/ZnO grain boundary) by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis in the scanning transmission electron microscope. Bi2O3 at multiple ZnO grain junctions consists of small particles of 0.1m in diameter, and they are vitrified to some extent. It is suggested that bismuth ions dissolve into ZnO grains over a 30 nm range from a Bi2O3/ZnO grain boundary; however, there is no bismuth at ZnO/ZnO grain boundaries. 相似文献
19.
A method is developed that allows the verified integration of ODEs based on local modeling with high-order Taylor polynomials with remainder bound. The use of such Taylor models of order n allows convenient automated verified inclusion of functional dependencies with an accuracy that scales with the (n + 1)-st order of the domain and substantially reduces blow-up.Utilizing Schauder's fixed point theorem on certain suitable compact and convex sets of functions, we show how explicit nth order integrators can be developed that provide verified nth order inclusions of a solution of the ODE. The method can be used not only for the computation of solutions through a single initial condition, but also to establish the functional dependency between initial and final conditions, the so-called flow of the ODE. The latter can be used efficiently for a substantial reduction of the wrapping effect.Examples of the application of the method to conventional initial value problems as well as flows are given. The orders of the integration range up to twelve, and the verified inclusions of up to thirteen digits of accuracy have been demanded and obtained. 相似文献
20.
Masatoshi Hasegawa Masahito Horiuchi Kyoko Kumakura Junko Koyama 《Polymer International》2014,63(3):486-500
Alkyl‐substituted cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydrides (CBDAs) were synthesized by photo‐dimerization of alkyl‐substituted maleic anhydrides to obtain novel colorless polyimides (PIs). Dimethyl‐substituted CBDA (DM‐CBDA) showed much higher polymerizability with various diamines than conventional cycloaliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides and led to high molecular weights of PI precursors. Polyaddition of non‐substituted CBDA and trans‐1,4‐cyclohexanediamine (t‐CHDA) was completely inhibited by salt formation in the initial reaction stage. The use of DM‐CBDA allowed the formation of a homogeneous/viscous PI precursor solution by overcoming the salt formation problem. The prominent substituent effect probably reflects how the methyl substituents of DM‐CBDA contributed to increasing the salt solubility. Some of the thermally imidized DM‐CBDA‐based systems simultaneously possessed non‐coloration, low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), very high Tg exceeding 300 °C and very low dielectric constant. Copolymerization was very effective for improving the solubility of DM‐CBDA‐based PIs. The copolyimide cast films prepared via chemical imidization displayed a further decreased CTE without sacrificing other target properties, suggesting that the present materials can be useful as plastic substrates in display devices. The mechanism of self‐chain orientation behavior during solution casting is also discussed. A potential application of the copolyimide systems as optical compensation film materials in liquid crystal displays is proposed. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry . 相似文献