Improvement of dielectric breakdown strength and energy storage performance in Er2O3–modified 0.95Sr0.7Ba0.3Nb2O6-0.05CaTiO3 lead-free ceramics

In this study, 0.95?Sr_0.7Ba_0.3Nb₂O₆-0.05CaTiO₃-x wt% Er₂O₃ ceramics (SBNCTEx; x?=?0–5) were synthesized using traditional solid-state method, and we investigated the microstructure, energy storage properties as well as the relationship between dielectric breakdown strength and interfacial polarization. As compared with pure 0.95?Sr_0.7Ba_0.3Nb₂O₆-0.05CaTiO₃ ceramics, the Er₂O₃ dopants suppressed the grain growth of SBNCTEx, and the doped ones showed the dense microstructure. The secondary phase was found for x?≥?1 according to the EDS results, and the influence of the secondary phase on relative dielectric breakdown strength has also been studied. The dielectric breakdown strength increased from 18.1?kV/mm to 34.4?kV/mm, which is good for energy storage. The energy storage density of 0.28?J/cm³ and the energy storage efficiency of 91.4% were obtained in the SBNCTE5 ceramics. The results indicate that SBNCTE ceramics can be used as energy storage capacitors.     

Enhanced photo-electrochemical activity of ZnO/Cu2S nanotube arrays photocathodes

ZnO/Cu₂S nanotube arrays are fabricated firstly by a facile and capping-agent-free method, and the photo-electrochemical performance has been studied systematically. The results show that ZnO/Cu₂S nanotube arrays achieve enhanced photo-electrochemical water splitting performance and the photocurrent densities of ZnO/Cu₂S are 7.9 times than that of ZnO at 0 V versus Ag/AgCl. The performance of the ZnO/Cu₂S nanotube arrays can be adjusted by changing the amount of Cu₂S microcrystals. The results confirm that the enhanced photo-electrochemical performance of ZnO/Cu₂S is due to the significantly improved visible light absorption, effective separation of photo-induced carriers due to the well band energy match and the formed p-n junction between ZnO and Cu₂S.     

基于分段加权的反向稀疏跟踪算法研究

为提高稀疏表示跟踪模型性能，提出一种分段加权的反向稀疏跟踪算法，将跟踪问题转化为在贝叶斯框架下寻找概率最高的候选对象问题，构造不同的分段权重函数来分别度量候选目标与正负模板的判别特征系数。通过池化来降低跟踪结果的不确定性干扰，选择正负模板加权系数差值最大的候选表示作为跟踪结果。实验表明，在光照变化、遮挡、快速运动、运动模糊情况下，所提出的算法可以确保跟踪结果的准确性和鲁棒性。     

APP软件性能效率研究

性能效率是APP软件的重要质量属性，但目前缺乏APP软件性能效率的通用模型。分析了APP软件的性能特征，基于ISO/IEC 25010标准提出了APP软件的性能效率模型，定义了APP软件性能效率的子特性和度量指标。基于提出的APP软件性能效率模型，通过实验对APP软件的性能效率进行了度量及相关分析。     

Rational Designs for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries with Low Electrolyte/Sulfur Ratio

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered a promising next-generation energy storage device owing to their high theoretical energy density. However, their overall performance is limited by several critical issues such as lithium polysulfide (PS) shuttles, low sulfur utilization, and unstable Li metal anodes. Despite recent huge progress, the electrolyte/sulfur ratio (E/S) used is usually very high (≥20 µL mg⁻¹), which greatly reduces the practical energy density of devices. To push forward LSBs from the lab to the industry, considerable attention is devoted to reducing E/S while ensuring the electrochemical performance. To date, however, few reviews have comprehensively elucidated the possible strategies to achieve that purpose. In this review, recent advances in low E/S cathodes and anodes based on the issues resulting from low E/S and the corresponding solutions are summarized. These will be beneficial for a systematic understanding of the rational design ideas and research trends of low E/S LSBs. In particular, three strategies are proposed for cathodes: preventing PS formation/aggregation to avoid inadequate dissolution, designing multifunctional macroporous networks to address incomplete infiltration, and utilizing an imprison strategy to relieve the adsorption dependence on specific surface area. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for low E/S LSBs are discussed.     

电喷雾质谱法示踪钨回收过程离子的转化路径

将环隙式离心萃取器(ACCs)与电喷雾飞行时间质谱(ESI-TOF-MS)相结合，在线监测了回收过程中的钨萃取行为(宏观)和钨形态的转化路径(微观)，发现宏观萃取反应和微观离子形态转化同时发生并相互补充。伯胺N1923萃取钨在144 s内即可达到萃取平衡，萃取率高达98%以上，同时，酸钨比n(H)/n(W)是一个关键变量，当酸钨比n(H)/n(W)=2.4时，全流程钨回收率超过93%。最后，得到了基于钨形态监测的萃取机理，同时，减少原料液中W1含量，增加W10含量，可有效提高钨回收效率。     

Improved Corrosion Resistance of Selective Laser Melted Ti–5Cu Alloy Using Atomized Ti–5Cu Powder

The different types of metal powder used for selective laser melting(SLM) process would cause distinct corrosion behavior due to the uniformity of the obtained microstructure.The SLM-produced Ti–5Cu alloy using atomized Ti–5Cu metal powder(SLMed Ti–5Cu) in this work reveals a relatively uniform microstructure with overwhelming acicular α/α′ phase and shows great advantages on corrosion resistance compared with the SLM-produced Ti–5Cu alloy using the mixture powder(SLMedM Ti–5Cu).The effect of the micro-galvanic cells decreases due to the undetectable Ti_2Cu phase in the microstructure of the SLMed Ti–5Cu.An apparent passivation behavior was observed for SLMed Ti–5Cu instead of severe pitting phenomenon for the SLMed-M Ti–5Cu.The charge transfer resistance of SLMed Ti–5Cu in this work is 10.09 ± 2.63 MΩ cm~2, which is significantly higher than that of SLMed-M Ti–5Cu(4.76 MΩ cm~2).The above result indicates the atomized Ti–5Cu powder plays an important role in the formation of the uniform microstructure of SLMed product, thereby enhancing its corrosion resistance in Hank's solution at 37 ℃.     

气瓶内部淬火过程的流动换热特性

 大直径厚壁气瓶内部淬火时的流动换热过程极其复杂，受到多种因素的影响，而研究气瓶内部压强和温度的变化规律对改善流动换热效果、提高产品组织性能具有重要的理论指导意义。以914 mm厚壁气瓶和瓶内流体为研究对象，建立了二维等效流 固耦合模型；采用多喷嘴系统对气瓶内外进行喷水淬火，研究了气瓶总长、喷水流速及淬火时间对瓶内压强及内壁温度的影响，通过间歇淬火试验验证了数学模型的正确性。结果发现，气瓶长度对瓶内压强和瓶壁温度的影响显著，喷水流速次之，当喷水流速大于8 m/s后，水量对瓶壁的冷却效果大大降低；气瓶内壁长度方向的温度梯度分别随气瓶总长的增加和淬火时间的延长而减小，但基本不受喷水量的影响。     

Simulation Analysis of the Heat Transfer Performance of an N-type Microchannel Heat Exchanger

A microchannel heat exchanger with a triangular wave and symmetrical triangular wave structure was proposed in this paper. In addition, a new N-type microchannel heat exchanger was developed to balance the heat transfer performance and pressure drop. The relationship between different configurations of the N structure of the microchannel and the heat transfer performance was analyzed. The results showed that, at a high inlet flow rate, the symmetrical triangular wave microchannel had the best heat transfer performance, followed by the triangular wave microchannel and the straight channel. At the same flow rate, the degree of disturbance of the fluid was highest in the symmetrical N-structure microchannel, and an excellent heat transfer effect was observed.