Cure reaction for modified diallylbisphenol A/diaminodiphenylsulfone/bismaleimide

The glass‐transition temperature as a function of curing conversion for a modified diallylbisphenol A/diaminodiphenylsulfone/bismaleimide (BMI) resin was investigated at different temperature regimes and modeled using a modified Di Benedetto equation. Although the relationship between the glass‐transition temperature and conversion of the BMI system conforms to the Di Benedetto equation for α < 0.6 and at lower cure temperatures, at higher cure temperatures the results deviated significantly from the equation; thus, it was an inadequate model for the system. Fourier transform IR analysis showed that the major crosslinking reactions did not occur during cure for the modified BMI at and below 150°C. However, as the cure temperature was increased, the crosslinking reactions responsible for 3‐dimensional network structures became more dominant. At 190°C the C? N? C_stretch vibration of the uncured maleimide ring converted into succinimide rings in the curing process. Simultaneously, a decrease was observed for the absorbance bands of ? C? H_bending (maleimide). The higher cure temperatures induced a significantly faster initial crosslinking rate and also resulted in a shorter period of time after which further crosslinking was retarded, because the increase in the crosslinks also physically slowed further crosslinking activity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 227–235, 2002     

Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 responds to nitrogen deprivation with a cascade-like sequence of transcriptional activations

Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 adapts to deprivation of fixed nitrogen by undergoing physiological and genetic changes that include formation of N2-fixing heterocysts. Whether or not certain of the genes involved are interdependently expressed has been studied.     

Xefiltin, a Xenopus laevis neuronal intermediate filament protein, is expressed in actively growing optic axons during development and regeneration

Neurofilaments are an important structural component of the axonal cytoskeleton and are made of neuronal intermediate filament (nIF) proteins. During axonal development, neurofilaments undergo progressive changes in molecular composition. In mammals, for example, highly phosphorylated forms of the middle- and high-molecular-weight neurofilament proteins (NF-M and NF-H, respectively) are characteristic of mature axons, whereas nIF proteins such as alpha-internexin are typical of young axons. Such changes have been proposed to help growing axons accommodate varying demands for plasticity and stability by modulating the structure of the axonal cytoskeleton. Xefiltin is a recently discovered nIF protein of the frog Xenopus laevis, whose nervous system has a large capacity for regeneration and plasticity. By amino acid identity, xefiltin is closely related to two other nIF proteins, alpha-internexin and gefiltin. alpha-Internexin is found principally in embryonic axons of the mammalian brain, and gefiltin is expressed primarily in goldfish retinal ganglion cells and has been associated with the ability of the goldfish optic nerve to regenerate. Like gefiltin in goldfish, xefiltin in Xenopus is the most abundantly expressed nIF protein of mature retinal ganglion cells. In the present study, we used immunocytochemistry to study the distribution of xefiltin during optic nerve development and regeneration. During development, xefiltin was found in optic axons at stage 35/36, before they reach the tectum at stage 37/38. Similarly, after an orbital crush injury, xefiltin first reemerged in optic axons after the front of regeneration reached the optic chiasm, but before it reached the tectum. Thus, during both development and regeneration, xefiltin was present within actively growing optic axons. In addition, aberrantly projecting retinoretinal axons expressed less xefiltin than those entering the optic tract, suggesting that xefiltin expression is influenced by interactions between regenerating axons and cells encountered along the visual pathway. These results support the idea that changes in xefiltin expression, along with those of other nIF proteins, modulate the structure and stability of actively growing optic axons and that this stability is under the control of the pathway which growing axons follow.     

High bit rate digital subscriber line echo cancellation

The authors explore the issues of complexity, precision, and dynamic range and practical implementation issues such as nonlinearities in high bit rate digital subscriber line (HDSL) echo cancelers. The approach taken is to study these issues analytically using computer simulations, and then to verify simulation results with laboratory prototyping. One of the objectives was to determine whether HDSL echo cancellation will be practical and cost effective within the next several years, consistent with the desire to develop and deploy a repeaterless T1 capability by 1993. Thus, attention is given to practical design issues     

Study of sexual function in male hemodialysis patients--a sexual function survey using a questionnaire

Sexual dysfunction is a well-documented complication among male hemodialysis patients. To evaluate it in detail, we conducted a sexual function survey using the Sapporo Medical University Sexual Function Questionnaire. Two hundred five male patients receiving outpatient hemodialysis were entered into this study. Patients with diabetes mellitus and severe anemia (Hb value < 8.0 g/dl) were excluded. The control group consisted of 3,462 healthy male subjects. Of male hemodialysis patients, 33.7% showed deterioration of libido, while 44.4% showed deterioration of potency, both of them decreased greatly with age. Ejaculatory ability correlated with potency. We compared the frequency of sexual intercourse in male hemodialysis patients with that in normal males. Twelve point nine percent of hemodialysis patients (HP) ranging from 30 to 39 in age versus 3.5% of age-matched normal males had no sexual intercourse and 22.4% of HPs from 40 to 49 versus 3.0% of age-matched normal males, 52.2% of HPs from 50 to 59 versus 7.5% of age-matched normal males, and 89.3% of HPs from 60 to 69 versus 18.0% of age-matched normal males had no sexual intercourse. These results revealed that the sexual frequency in hemodialysis patients decreased more than that in normal males in all age groups and with age.     

Efficient algorithms for SS/TDMA scheduling

Efficient scheduling algorithms for the slot assignment problem in a satellite-switched time-division multiple-access (SS/TDMA) system are presented. This problem is translated into a modified open-shop scheduling problem, allowing the use of known optimal algorithms. Their complexity is expressed as a function of the following parameters: the number of nonzero entries in the demand matrix, the number of uplinks, and the number of downlinks. According to the values of these parameters, the algorithm with the lowest computational complexity can be adopted. Although the computational complexity of previously published algorithms is drastically reduced, simulation results show that the results are close to previously presented solutions in terms of the assignment duration and the number of switching matrices     

Electrical Characterization of p-Type Pb1−x Eu x Te

The transport properties of p-type Pb_1?x Eu _x Te epitaxial layers were studied as a function of Eu content, temperature, and magnetic field. The low-temperature hole mobility is drastically reduced when the Eu concentration is increased from 0 to 6%, while the hole concentration remains almost constant. A metal-insulator transition was observed for x ≈ 0.04, which is probably induced by the disorder caused by the introduction of Eu. For temperatures down to 10 K, only positive magnetoresistance has been observed at low magnetic fields. An anomalous behavior of the resistivity as a function of temperature has been detected for a Eu content about 5%, which is attributed to the resonance between the localized Eu 4f level and the valence band maximum.     

Multi‐layered flat‐surface micro‐optical components directly molded on an LCD panel

Abstract— We have developed a process to fabricate optical components, such as a lens, prism, or diffuser, directly on to a glass substrate. Processes include precision mastering by diamond cutting and multi‐layer photopolymer (2P) molding to realize flat surfaces and the integration of multiple components with an alignment within a few micrometers.