Lost retransmission detection for TCP SACK

There have been a lot of works to avoid retransmission timeout (RTO) of transmission control protocol (TCP) that takes place in an unnecessary situation. However, most current TCP implementations, even if selective acknowledgment (SACK) option is used, do not have a mechanism to detect a lost retransmission and avoid subsequent RTO. In this letter, we propose a simple modification that enables a TCP sender using SACK option to detect a lost retransmission, which is called TCP SACK+ in simple. We use a stochastic model to evaluate the performance of TCP SACK+. Numerical results evaluated by simulations show that TCP SACK+ improves the loss recovery of TCP SACK significantly in presence of random losses.     

Geometric derivation of expectation-maximization and generalized successive interference cancellation algorithms with applications to CDMA channel estimation

The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is well established as a computationally efficient method for separable signal parameter estimation. Here, a new geometric derivation and interpretation of the EM algorithm is given that facilitates the understanding of EM convergence properties. Geometric considerations lead to an alternative separable signal parameter estimator based on successive cancellation. The new generalized successive interference cancellation (GSIC) algorithm is then applied to multiuser delay and channel estimation for code-division multiple access (CDMA) radiolocation and communication. The radiolocation application uses a handshaking protocol in which multiple reference nodes transmit acknowledge (ACK) CDMA packets to a master node, which then computes round-trip travel times (RTTs). Simulation results comparing EM and GSIC are presented for the CDMA channel-estimation problem.     

A study of the numerical dispersion relation for the 2-D ADI-FDTD method

This letter presents a numerical dispersion relation for the two-dimensional (2-D) finite-difference time-domain method based on the alternating-direction implicit time-marching scheme (2-D ADI-FDTD). The proposed analytical relation for 2-D ADI-FDTD is compared with those relations in the previous works. Through numerical tests, the dispersion equation of this work was shown as correct one for 2-D ADI-FDTD.     

Simultaneous amplification by Er ions and SRS in an Er-doped germano-silica fiber

A flat signal gain over in the entire C- and L-bands by erbium (Er) ions' radiative transition and stimulated Raman scattering in an Er-doped germano-silica fiber can be obtained if proper values of the concentration of Er and background loss in a fiber core are obtained during the fiber fabrication process. The optimized conditions for the flat C- and L-band gain are analyzed as functions of Er concentrations. Even for a low-gain value provided by a germano-silica core fiber with a low Er concentration and an optimum fiber length, a relatively low pump is required to obtain the flat gain band.     

MIP汽油性质及其深度加氢脱硫性能的研究

分析了我国典型炼油厂FCC汽油硫含量和烯烃含量的变化情况,将MIP汽油[采用多产异构烷烃FCC工艺(Maximizing Iso-Paraffins)生产的汽油],与常规FCC汽油的性质进行了比较,介绍了用OCT-M技术(FCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫技术)对MIP汽油进行深度加氢脱硫的研究情况,包括加工方案的比较、反应压力的影响.结果表明,OCT-M FCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫技术可以将烯烃体积分数为31%的MIP汽油的硫质量分数由664 μg/g降低到50 μg/g以下,研究法辛烷值损失0.7～1.7,OCT-M技术能够为我国炼油厂由MIP汽油生产符合欧Ⅳ标准的清洁汽油提供灵活、经济的技术解决方案.     

Sociotechnical systems, risk management, and public health: comparing the North Battleford and Walkerton outbreaks

Accidents in different complex sociotechnical systems are rarely compared using the same theoretical framework for risk management. We conducted a comparative analysis of two Canadian public health disasters involving drinking water distribution systems, the North Battleford Cryptosporidium parvum outbreak in April 2001 and the Walkerton E. coli outbreak in May 2000. Both accidents resulted from a complex interaction between all levels of a complex sociotechnical system. However, the low-level physical and individual factors differed in the two cases, whereas, the high-level governmental and regulatory factors tended to be the same. These findings may have implications for the design of public policies to minimize risk in complex sociotechnical systems.     

一种新的网络对象存储设备研究

Internet的飞速发展对于存储系统的可扩展性提出了很高的要求,也带来了由数据模型与存储模型的不一致问题引起的服务器性能瓶颈现象.针对这些情况,本文提出了网络对象附属存储设备(NAOSD)的概念,其利用设备处理器的能力直接支持结构化数据存储.这一设计减少了存储系统中数据服务器的负载,增加了系统吞吐量.同时,研究了该设备原型在集群环境中的应用,提出了数据/元数据统一存储与查询式数据定位机制.分析表明,这些机制能够较显著地提高系统扩展性——数据访问时间随系统规模的扩大呈对数增长,优于传统的映射定位机制.我们已经模拟实现了NAOSD,并在性能比较测试中取得了较好的效果.     

Patterning issues for the fabrication of sub-micron memory capacitors' electrodes

This paper describes some of the key issues associated with the patterning of metal electrodes of sub-micron (especially at the critical dimension (CD) of 0.15 μm) dynamic random access memory devices. Due to reactive ion etching lag, the Pt etch rate decreased drastically below the CD of 0.20 μm and thus K-th storage node electrode with the CD of 0.15 μm could not be fabricated using the Pt electrodes. Accordingly, we have proposed novel techniques to surmountly-the above difficulties. The Ru electrode cannot for the stack-type structure is introduced and alternative multischemes based on the introduction of the concave-type selfstructure upto using semi-Pt or Ru as an electrode material are outlined respectively.     

Advanced disturbance observer design for mechanical positioning systems

Disturbance-observer (DOB)-based controller design is one of the most popular methods in the field of motion control. In this paper, the generalized disturbance compensation framework, named the robust internal-loop compensator (RIC) is introduced and an advanced design method of a DOB is proposed based on the RIC. The mixed sensitivity optimization problem, which is the main issue of DOB design, is also solved through the parametrization of the DOB in the RIC framework. Differently from conventional methods, the Q-filter is separated from the mixed sensitivity optimization problem and a systematic design law for the DOB is proposed. This guarantees the robustness and optimality of the DOB and enables the design for unstable plants.     

NSA-500-1型氩弧焊机VD9不同接法对引弧和稳弧的影响

从一起NSA－500－1型氩弧焊机故障，分析其高压脉冲旁路二极管VD9不同接法对引弧、稳弧及设备安全的影响。