换热网络多级综合模糊评价模型

在换热网络中考虑经济因素和工程质量因素,建立换热网络多级综合模糊评价模型.从而对换热网络做出评判.工程指标体系的权重系数和评价等级在研究过程中可以是虚拟的,但在实际的工程中,这些数据则应该由专门的评估专家来确定.     

Rheological and mechanical properties of PVC/CaCO3 nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerization

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ polymerization of vinyl chloride (VC) in the presence of CaCO₃ nanoparticles. Their thermal, rheological and mechanical properties were evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), capillary rheometry, tensile and impact fracture tests. The results showed that CaCO₃ nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in the PVC matrix during in situ polymerization of VC with 5.0 wt% or less nanoparticles. The glass transition and thermal decomposition temperatures of PVC phase in PVC/CaCO₃ nanocomposites are shifted toward higher temperatures by the restriction of CaCO₃ nanoparticles on the segmental and long-range chain mobility of the PVC phase. The nanocomposites showed shear thinning and power law behaviors. The ‘ball bearing’ effect of the spherical nanoparticles decreased the apparent viscosity of the PVC/CaCO₃ nanocomposite melts, and the viscosity sensitivity on shear rate of the PVC/CaCO₃ nanocomposite is higher than that of pristine PVC. Moreover, CaCO₃ nanoparticles stiffen and toughen PVC simultaneously, and optimal properties were achieved at 5 wt% of CaCO₃ nanoparticles in Young's modulus, tensile yield strength, elongation at break and Charpy notched impact energy. Detailed examinations of micro-failure micromechanisms of impact and tensile specimens showed that the CaCO₃ nanoparticles acted as stress raisers leading to debonding/voiding and deformation of the matrix material around the nanoparticles. These mechanisms also lead to impact toughening of the nanocomposites.     

Crystallization behavior of oxyethylene/oxybutylene diblock and triblock copolymers

The crystallization behavior of poly(oxyethylene)-b-poly(oxybutylene) block copolymers with different compositions, morphologies and architectures (E_mB_n diblock copolymers and E_mB_nE_m, B_nE_mB_n triblock copolymers) were investigated and the effect of volume fraction and architecture on the crystallization temperature (T_c) in non-isothermal crystallization was determined. It is found that the E_mB_n diblock copolymers having long E blocks exhibit similar crystallization temperatures, irrespective of volume fraction and morphology, but for the block copolymers with shorter E blocks the crystallization temperature increases with both the volume fraction, φ_E, and the length, m, of the E block. Some block copolymers with extremely low T_c, which fall into the temperature range normally associated with homogenous nucleation, were chosen for time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and isothermal crystallization kinetics experiments. The results show that breakout crystallization occurs in all these block copolymers. Therefore, unlike E_mB_n/B_h blends, there is no obvious relationship between T_c and crystallization behavior in neat block copolymers and homogeneous nucleation does not definitely lead to confined crystallization. The values of χ_c/χ_ODT for all the block copolymers with hex and bcc morphology were also calculated. It is found that all the block copolymers have χ_c/χ_ODT<3, in agreement with the previously reported critical value and consistent with their breakout crystallization behavior.     

马口水文站洪水期CM 600流量计应用分析

对马口水文站CM 600流量计的应用进行了探讨。通过对高洪期间含沙量对流速精度的影响进行分析,提出洪水期与潮汐期使用不同流速层流速的平均值作为代表流速定线推流的方法,与连时序法对比精度满足要求,较好地解决了原有岸边安装的SL500流量计洪水期流速代表性差、脉动严重等问题。     

Utilizing similarity relationships among existing data for high accuracy processing of content-based image retrieval

Retrieving similar images based on its visual content is an important yet difficult problem. We propose in this paper a new method to improve the accuracy of content-based image retrieval systems. Typically, given a query image, existing retrieval methods return a ranked list based on the similarity scores between the query and individual images in the database. Our method goes further by relying on an analysis of the underlying connections among individual images in the database to improve this list. Initially, we consider each image in the database as a query and use an existing baseline method to search for its likely similar images. Then, the database is modeled as a graph where images are nodes and connections among possibly similar images are edges. Next, we introduce an algorithm to split this graph into stronger subgraphs, based on our notion of graph’s strength, so that images in each subgraph are expected to be truly similar to each other. We create for each subgraph a structure called integrated image which contains the visual features of all images in the subgraph. At query time, we compute the similarity scores not only between the query and individual database images but also between the query and the integrated images. The final similarity score of a database image is computed based on both its individual score and the score of the integrated image that it belongs to. This leads effectively to a re-ranking of the retrieved images. We evaluate our method on a common image retrieval benchmark and demonstrate a significant improvement over the traditional bag-of-words retrieval model.     

Development and control of a new AUV platform

This paper presents an architecture of a newly developed autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) platform, named KAUV-1, which is designed as a torpedo with very light weight and small size, suitable for use in marine exploration and monitoring. The KAUV-1 has a unique ducted propeller located at the aft end with yawing actuation acting as a rudder. For depth motion, the KAUV-1 is designed to have a mass shifter mechanism inside to change the vehicle center of gravity and to control its pitch angle and depth motion. The paper also presents an analysis on the equations of motion of the KAUV-1 with mass shifter mechanism and a new depth control strategy for the KAUV-1. The feasibility of the proposed control strategy is validated through simulation and experiment of performance of the vehicle.     

聚乳酸-聚氨酯微球的合成及其形态的研究

以低相对分子质量生物可降解D，L-聚乳酸(D，L-PLA)二醇和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)为原料、1，4-丁二醇(BD)为扩链剂及聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为悬浮剂，通过悬浮聚合法初步合成了一种新型聚氨酯微球(PUMS)。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)考察了BD的含量对微球表面形态的影响，通过激光粒度分析仪讨论了搅拌速率和PVP浓度对微球粒径及其分布的影响，用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)粒度分析仪对微球的化学结构进行了表征。结果表明，合成的微球的平均粒径随搅拌速率和PVP浓度的增加而减少，粒径分布变宽；当搅拌速率为400r／min，PVP质量分数为1．5％时。微球的平均粒径约47μm，粒径分布最窄。约在10～90μm；微球表面有孔，但随着BD含量的增加，微球表面变得相对粗糙，孔数减少，孔径减小，直至孔消失。     

Micromechanical properties on the surface of PVC/SBR blends spatially resolved by a nanoindentation technique

The microhardness and micromodulus on the surface of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) blends were determined using a nanoindenter. A flat surface was obtained by microtoming the sample at ?100°C in liquid nitrogen. Dozens of indents along a line with a spatial interval of 0.5 μm were performed. From the loading and unloading curves of each indentation, the stiffnesses of the unloading curve and the contact area between the sample and the indenter were evaluated, and the local modulus and hardness were calculated. Profiles of the local hardness and modulus were obtained from the lines of indents. Pure PVC and a miscible PVC/acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) (40/10) blend showed constant modulus and hardness values. In the case of an immiscible PVC/SBR (50/50) blend, which has a morphology of elongated PVC droplets in the SBR matrix, the hardness and modulus profiles showed regions of the different phases. At the interface between the SBR and PVC phases, a step change in the modulus and hardness profiles was observed. The force required to deform the material at the same displacement increased systematically across the interface from the SBR to the PVC phase because of the increasing contribution of the PVC phase. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:609–614, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

Coding scheme based on spherical polar coordinate for control over packet erasure channel

Like feedback strategy, coding scheme is an important part of networked control system design as well. On the basis of spherical polar coordinate, a novel coding scheme is proposed for stabilization problem of discrete linear time invariant system subject to packet erasure channel with feedback. The coding scheme uses encoder without access to control inputs. In the case that a decoder does not use control inputs, a definite relation between the quantized data and the corresponding quantization error is established, which helps to analyze the stability of system, and a selective quantization method is adopted, by which finite data rate is obtained. In the case that a decoder uses control inputs, instead of quantizing the system state at each time step as usual, the encoder quantizes the initial state all the time by updating quantizer. Sufficient conditions guaranteeing the system stable are presented for two cases, respectively, and the corresponding design methods for coding schemes are given. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

构筑中控系统网络安全体系探析

中控系统网络化给广播电台提供了更灵活、功能更强大的中控传输系统,使得安全备份系统完善可靠,节目通道任意调配,状态信息实时掌握和控制处理手段多样灵活。本文着重阐述了中控系统网络化的基础框架、系统网络化的技术实现及功能特点。