Synthesis and characterization of functional gradient copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate

Epoxy-functional spontaneous gradient copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate (G) and n-butyl acrylate (B) were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The copolymerization reactions were carried out in toluene solution at 70 °C, using methyl 2-bromopropionate (MBrP) as initiator and copper chloride with N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as the catalyst system. The kinetic behaviour of the statistical copolymerizations was studied in a wide composition interval with molar fractions of G ranging from 0.10 to 0.75. The synthesized copolymers were characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. ¹H NMR was employed to determine the copolymer composition, demonstrating the gradient character of the copolymers along the main chain in the whole monomer conversion interval. Apart from this, the sequence distribution and stereoregularity were analyzed. These microstructural experimental data agreed well with those calculated from Mayo-Lewis terminal model (MLTM) and a Bernoullian statistic with an isotacticity parameter of σ_G = 0.28 and a coisotacticity parameter of σ = 0.30.     

X-ray microfluorescence analysis of pigments in decorative paintings from the sarcophagus cartonnage of an Egyptian mummy

This work characterized the elemental composition of the pigments used in decorative paintings from the sarcophagus cartonnage fragments of an Egyptian mummy, using μXRF with Synchrotron Radiation. This female mummy (n.158) is considered one of the most important pieces of the National Museum (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) because of its unconventional embalming with legs and arms swathed separately. The measurements were performed at the XRF beamline D09B of the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), using white beam and a Si(Li) detector with resolution of 165 eV at 5.9 keV. The elements found in the samples were: Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Hg and Pb.     

Quantum Dots-Based Optical Fiber Temperature Sensors Fabricated by Layer-by-Layer

Two types of CdTe quantum dots of different sizes (4 and 5 nm) were successfully deposited on optical fibers using the layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly method. The sensors showed a linear and reversible variation of the emission wavelength for a temperature range from 30 degC to 100 degC, with a sensitivity of 0.2 nm/degC     

运用现代CFD方法设计高效率的汽轮机(续前期)

论述了运用现代计算流体动力学(ComputationalFluidDynamics,CFD)技术设计高效率汽轮机的方法,典型应用的实例有全三维叶片级流场、叶片汽封和排汽蜗壳计算。计算结果和实际是相符的。进一步对结构性单元和非结构单元程序的计算结果进行了比较,已证明,非结构单元CFD程序用于复杂形状的流场计算时,结果与实际相当一致,并具有独特的功能。     

Grouped Approach for the Design of H.264/AVC Motion Estimation Architectures

This letter presents a novel approach for organizing computational resources into groups within H.264/AVC motion estimation architectures, leading to reductions of up to 75% in the equivalent gate count with respect to state‐of‐the‐art designs.     

Use of recycled copper slag for blended cements

Copper slag is a by‐product generated during smelting to extract copper metal from the ore. The copper slag obtained may exhibit pozzolanic activity and may therefore be used in the manufacture of addition‐containing cements. In this paper the effect of the incorporation of the copper slag in cement is measured. Blends of copper slag with Portland cement generally possess properties equivalent to Portland cement containing fly ash, but very different to the silica fume incorporation. Copper slag and fly ash reduce the heat of hydration more effectively than silica fume in mortars. The replacement of 30% cement by copper slag reduces the flexural and compressive strength in a similar way to fly ash; however, after 28 days, the reduction is less than the percentage of substitution. Hydrated calcium aluminate phases were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The pozzolanic activity of copper slag is similar to that of fly ash and higher than silica fume. In the presence of low water/cement ratios, certain pozzolanic materials produce a very compact cement paste that limits the space available for hydration products, a determining factor in the formation of hydrated calcium aluminates. SEM was found to be a useful analytical technique when aluminates are formed and can be clearly detected by XRD. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

A comparison of algorithms for control constrained optimal control of the Burgers equation

Abstract A comparison of three different but related numerical methods for control constrained optimal control of the Burgers equation is carried out. We develop the principal ideas of the different strategies considered and present detailed numerical examples. Lastly, conclusions about the behavior of the approaches are obtained.     

New rotary valves for pulse-tube refrigerators

In most used rotary valves in GM-type pulse-tube refrigerators the rotor makes heavy mechanical contact with the stator, so the valve is liable to wear, and large torques are needed. In this paper we will describe two types of valves, which have balanced forces on the rotor. In the first valve the rotor and the stator make no mechanical contact. The second type is a contact valve, like the classical valves, but the forces on the rotor are balanced in a different way. Therefore, these valves are less liable to wear, and the torques needed to rotate the valves are small.     

Application of autoregressive spectral analysis to missing data problems

Time series solutions for spectral analysis in missing data problems use reconstruction of the missing data, or a maximum likelihood approach that analyzes only the available measured data. Maximum likelihood estimation yields the most accurate spectra. An approximate maximum likelihood algorithm is presented that uses only previous observations falling in a finite interval to compute the likelihood, instead of all previous observations. The resulting nonlinear estimation algorithm requires no user-provided initial solution, is suited for order selection, and can give very accurate spectra even if less than 10% of the data remains.