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排序方式: 共有1444条查询结果,搜索用时 256 毫秒
61.
Feng Zhu Berhane T. Weldegergis Boris Lhie Jeffrey A. Harvey Marcel Dicke Erik H. Poelman 《Journal of chemical ecology》2014,40(9):986-995
Foraging success of parasitoids depends on the utilization of reliable information on the presence of their often, inconspicuous hosts. These parasitic wasps use herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that provide reliable cues on host presence. However, host searching of hyperparasitoids, a group of parasitoids that parasitize the larvae and pupae of other parasitoids, is more constrained. Their hosts do not feed on plants, and often are even concealed inside the body of the herbivore host. Hyperparasitoids recently have been found to use HIPVs of plants damaged by herbivore hosts in which the parasitoid larvae develop. However, hyperparasitoids that search for these parasitoid larvae may be confronted with healthy and parasitized caterpillars on the same plant, further complicating their host location. In this study, we addressed whether the primary hyperparasitoid Baryscapus galactopus uses caterpillar body odors to discriminate between unparasitized herbivores and herbivores carrying larvae of parasitoid hosts. We show that the hyperparasitoids made faster first contact and spent a longer mounting time with parasitized caterpillars. Moreover, although the three parasitoid hosts conferred different fitness values for the development of B. galactopus, the hyperparasitoids showed similar behavioral responses to caterpillar hosts carrying different primary parasitoid hosts. In addition, a two-chamber olfactometer assay revealed that volatiles emitted by parasitized caterpillars were more attractive to the hyperparasitoids than those emitted by unparasitized caterpillars. Analysis of volatiles revealed that body odors of parasitized caterpillars differ from unparasitized caterpillars, allowing the hyperparasitoids to detect their parasitoid host. 相似文献
62.
Boris F. Belokopytov Kestutis S. Laurinavichius Tatyana V. Laurinavichene Maria L. Ghirardi Michael Seibert Anatoly A. Tsygankov 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2009
Eight natural microbial consortia collected from different sites were tested for dark, hydrogen production during starch degradation. The most active consortium was from silo pit liquid under mesophilic (37 °C) conditions. The fermentation medium for this consortium was optimized (Fe, NH4+, phosphates, peptone, and starch content) for both dark fermentation and for subsequent purple photosynthetic bacterial H2 photoproduction [Laurinavichene TV, Tekucheva DN, Laurinavichius KS, Ghirardi ML, Seibert M, Tsygankov AA. Towards the integration of dark and photo fermentative waste treatment. 1. Hydrogen photoproduction by purple bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus using potential products of starch fermentation. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2008;33(23):7020–26], in the presence of the spent dark, fermentation effluent. The addition of Zn (10 mg L−1), as a methanogenesis inhibitor that does not inhibit purple bacteria at this concentration, also did not inhibit dark, fermentative H2 production. The influence of various fermentation end products at different concentrations (up to 30 g L−1) on dark, H2 production was also examined. Added lactate stimulated, but added isobutyrate and butanol strongly inhibited gas production. Under optimal conditions the fermentation of starch (30 g L−1) resulted in 5.7 L H2 L−1 of culture (1.6 mol H2 per mole of hexose) with the co-production mainly of butyrate and acetate. 相似文献
63.
Vladimir Labunov Alena Prudnikava Serguei Bushuk Serguei Filatov Boris Shulitski Beng Kang Tay Yury Shaman Alexander Basaev 《Nanoscale research letters》2013,8(1):375
Femtosecond lasers (FSL) are playing an increasingly important role in materials research, characterization, and modification. Due to an extremely short pulse width, interactions of FSL irradiation with solid surfaces attract special interest, and a number of unusual phenomena resulted in the formation of new materials are expected. Here, we report on a new nanostructure observed after the interaction of FSL irradiation with arrays of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) intercalated with iron phase catalyst nanoparticles. It was revealed that the FSL laser ablation transforms the topmost layer of CNT array into iron phase nanospheres (40 to 680 nm in diameter) located at the tip of the CNT bundles of conical shape. Besides, the smaller nanospheres (10 to 30 nm in diameter) are found to be beaded at the sides of these bundles. Some of the larger nanospheres are encapsulated into carbon shells, which sometime are found to contain CNTs. The mechanism of creation of such nanostructures is proposed. 相似文献
64.
Jérôme Dejeu Abdeslam Et Taouil Patrick Rougeot Sophie Lakard Fabrice Lallemand Boris Lakard 《Synthetic Metals》2010,160(23-24):2540-2545
This paper presents electrochemical synthesis of polypyrrole films under high frequency sonication. The films are characterized in terms of adhesion and surface morphology. Comparison to classical electrosynthesized polypyrrole films is made. In particular, the use of high frequency sonication (500 kHz) during electrodeposition of polypyrrole on Si was reported for the first time. Chronocoulometry was used for polymer films electrosynthesis on Si substrates. Influence of polymer thickness on the rugosity, morphology and adhesion force properties was studied. Scanning Electron Microscopy and mechanical probe profiling showed that sonication led to less rough and more homogeneous surface structure. Adhesion force properties of polypyrrole films were also studied by means of force–distance curves obtained by atomic force microscopy. For polymer films obtained in the absence of sonication, adhesion forces decreases with increase in polymer thickness. On the contrary, for polymer films obtained under sonication, the adhesion of the films decreased when the polymer thickness decreased. 相似文献
65.
Juliane M. Stopfer Mitja D. Back Boris Egloff 《Datenschutz und Datensicherheit - DuD》2010,34(7):459-462
Online Social Networks (OSNs) wie MySpace, Facebook und StudiVZ sind inzwischen zu einem wichtigen Bestandteil des allt?glichen
Miteinanders geworden. Entgegen der weit verbreiteten Meinung vermitteln Profile in OSNs kein verf?lschtes, selbstidealisiertes,
sondern ein sehr genaues Bild von der Pers?nlichkeit der Profilbesitzer. Dies k?nnte ein wichtiger Grund für die Beliebtheit
sozialer Netzwerke sein: Sie bieten eine Plattform für reale soziale Interaktionen und erm?glichen den Ausdruck der eigenen
Pers?nlichkeit. Implikationen für den Datenschutz in OSNs werden diskutiert. 相似文献
66.
Rafael Davalos Yong Huang Boris Rubinsky 《Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering》2013,17(3):147-159
This article provides a brief review of the field of electroporation and introduces a new microdevice that facilitates studies to test theories, gain understanding, and control this important biomedical technology. Electroporation, a bio-electrochemical process whose fundamentals are not yet understood, is a means of permeating the cell membrane by applying a voltage across the cell and forming nano-scale pores in the membrane. It has become an important field in biotechnology and medicine for the controlled introduction of macromolecules, such as gene constructs and drugs, into various cells. It is viewed as an engineering alternative to biological techniques for the genetic engineering of cells. To study and control electroporation, we have created a low-cost microelectroporation chip that incorporates a live biological cell with an electric circuit. The device revealed an important behavior of cells in electrical fields. They produce measurable electrical information about the electroporation state of the cell that may enable precise control of the process. The device can be used to facilitate fundamental studies of electroporation and can become useful in providing precise control over biotechnological processes. 相似文献
67.
68.
New efficient intermetallide catalysts for hydrogen storage in reversible processes of aromatics hydrogenation and naphthene dehydrogenation were studied. These catalysts provide an enhanced activity in the dehydrogenation of saturated organic molecules, with no side reactions like cracking, hydrogenolysis, ring opening, or coke formation occurring on these catalysts. The use of intermetallides provides some hydrogen storage capacity in the low-temperature region, while their catalytic activity in the dehydrogenation affords the hydrogen supply in the high-temperature range. 相似文献
69.
The paper presents a simple but efficient new numerical scheme for the integration of nonlinear constitutive equations. Although it can be used for the integration of a system of algebraic and differential equations in general, the scheme is primarily developed for use with the direct solution methods for solving boundary value problems, e.g. explicit dynamic analysis in ABAQUS/Explicit. In the developed explicit scheme, where no iteration is required, the implementation simplicity of the forward-Euler scheme and the accuracy of the backward-Euler scheme are successfully combined. The properties of the proposed NICE scheme, which was also implemented into ABAQUS/Explicit via User Material Subroutine (VUMAT) interface platform, are compared with the properties of the classical forward-Euler scheme and backward-Euler scheme. For this purpose two highly nonlinear examples, with the von Mises and GTN material model considered, have been studied. The accuracy of the new scheme is demonstrated to be at least of the same level as experienced by the backward-Euler scheme, if we compare them on the condition of the same CPU time consumption. Besides, the simplicity of the NICE scheme, which is due to implementation similarity with the classical forward-Euler scheme, is its great Advantage. 相似文献
70.
Yoav Linzon Boris A. Malomed Michael Zaezjev R. Morandotti Maite Volatier-Ravat Vincent Aimez Richard Ares Shimshon Bar-Ad 《Mathematics and computers in simulation》2009
The nonlinear interactions between discrete optical solitons that propagate in different regimes of diffraction, and the nonlinear scattering of dispersive waves by local optical potentials, were studied experimentally. It is well known in electromagnetism that when linear coherent waves meet they interfere without interactions. Linear waves also scatter through local optical structures without exchanging any power with guided and anti-guided modes of these structures. When a focusing Kerr nonlinearity is present, linearly inhibited phenomena, which break these rules, are shown to exist. Our studies were performed with Silica glass and semiconductor AlGaAs nonlinear planar modulated waveguides, excited by ultra-short pulses in the near infrared spectral regime. 相似文献