Ab<Emphasis Type="Italic"> initio</Emphasis> investigation of boron diffusion paths in germanium

Boron is observed to diffuse very slowly in germanium, as opposed to its behaviour in silicon where it exhibits Transient Enhanced Diffusion effects in implanted samples. As a result of this slow diffusion, boron is a very stable dopant, allowing devices to be created with very well-defined doping regions. To understand this superior performance, calculations were performed on a variety of boron diffusion paths, within vacancy and interstitial mediated methods. It was found that the vacancy mediated diffusion which is associated with the fast diffusion of many other species in germanium exhibits a total barrier of 5.8 eV. Interstitial-mediated diffusion had a total barrier for migration of 3.4 eV in the neutral and singly negative charge states, 3.2 eV for the positive charge state, but a formation barrier of 4.1 eV. Thus the barrier for interstitial-mediated diffusion is dominated by the formation energy of the self-interstitial.     

Unicode Steganographic Exploits: Maintaining Enterprise Border Security

Unicode is rapidly becoming the preferred means for representing symbols used in creating multimedia content, especially for information that's presented in multiple languages. This article discusses a unicode vulnerability that makes such content susceptible to being used for creation of covert channel communications. We also developed a solution architecture, the unified secure message augmentation (USMA) service. The USMA service incorporates rules (in an XML vocabulary) that we can apply to unicode transmissions that will detect an attempt to transmit a potential exploit, alert network managers to the presence of the unicode anomaly, and take action to mitigate the exploit.     

Improving the Public Health Information Network through Semantic Modeling

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) created the Public Health Information Network to advance fully capable, interoperable information systems in public health organizations. PHIN prioritizes public health information systems' functional requirements, capabilities, performance measures, and operational characteristics while letting the architects of those systems choose enabling approaches, methods, and concepts to meet the requirements. PHIN also provides a certification process for public health administrators to evaluate their information infrastructure's quality. The certification process is important because affected organizations often depend on certification for continued funding.     

Confucian and Socratic learning.

Replies to the comments by R. A. R. Gurung (see record 2003-03405-011) and J. Li (see record 2003-03405-012) regarding comments on the article by R. G. Tweed and D. R. Lehman (2001) which stated that a Confucian-Socratic framework provides a structure for analyzing culture-influenced aspects of academic learning. In this article, Tweed and Lehman argued that these ancient exemplars model approaches to learning continue to differentiate students within a modern Canadian postsecondary context. In this reply, Tweed and Lehman advise caution in how Gurung placed their Confucian-Socratic framework within the context of prior theory on education and epistemological development because these models were developed exclusively in the West. Furthermore, Tweed and Lehman believe that Li's argument misinterpreted their article, and that they should of consistently used the term "personal reform" rather than "behavioral reform" in order to communicate the depth of personal change envisioned by Confucius. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The ability of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory--Third Edition to detect malingering.

This study investigated the ability of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory--Third Edition (MCMI-III) to discriminate students malingering psychopathology (n=106) from bona fide psychiatric inpatients (n=202). Students were randomly assigned to a fake-bad or an honest-responding condition. Analyses investigated the ability of the modifier indices to discriminate fake-bad group participants from the psychiatric inpatients. Scale X raw cutoff score >178 yielded a positive predictive power (PPP) of 0.0, a negative predictive power (NPP) of 63.1, and a hit rate of 63.1%. Optimal cutoff scores were developed. Scale X Base Rate (BR) >84 provided a PPP of 55.6, an NPP of 72.1, and a hit rate of 65.2%. Scale Y BR     

Creating a Student Centered Learning Environment at the University of Denver

A team of faculty members at the University of Denver changed the learning environment in key courses in the Department of Engineering from predominately teacher centered to student centered. Through this funded project new grading methods were implemented, classrooms were renovated and wired with studio layouts to facilitate learning, the Engineering Circuits Laboratory was rewired and instrumented for automated data acquisition and reporting, and two new pedagogical approaches were developed. At the onset of the project, six goals were established related to student learning. The introduction of industry standard hardware and software provided students with unprecedented hands‐on experience and project related activities stimulated faculty innovations in other current and future courses. Assessment results indicate that the new grading system improved the clarity of expectations for students before assignments were given resulting in increased reported motivation for learning in many courses. Even though course GPAs did not always reflect higher achievement on graded work, faculty members firmly believe that deeper understanding was achieved because more complex material was assimilated.     

Extension of a combined analytical/numerical initial value problem solver for turbulent mixing with combustion

Here, we describe the development of a reacting flow multi-species/combustion methodology, implemented as an extension to the differential reduced ejector analysis (DREA) computer program [Mathematical and computer modeling, vol. 31, 2000, p. 21; Appl. Math. Model. 25 (2001) 427; Comput. Math. Appl. 43(10–11); NASA Contractor Report, 1998]. Use of the single fluid IVP solver framework that was developed for the original DREA model has been directly coupled into the combustion formulation. With these modifications, the analysis has an elementary single step reaction Fuel+Oxidizer→Product combustion capability. Though approximate in nature, the simplicity and efficiency of the DREA formulation make it suitable for its original niche, namely design and preliminary design environments where more complex and expensive models may be inappropriate.     

Fixed point theorem-based iterative learning control for LTV systems with input singularity

In this paper, we address a challenging and open problem: how to design a suitable iterative learning control (ILC) system in the presence of input singularity, which is incurred by the singularities of the system direct feed-through term. Considering two typical types of input singularities, we first revise the ILC operators accordingly by adding a forgetting factor and incorporating a time-varying learning gain, in the sequel guarantee ILC operators to be contractible. Next, using the Banach fixed-point theorem, we demonstrate that the output sequence can either enter and remains ultimately in a designated neighborhood of the target trajectory, or is bounded by a class K function. Finally, an illustrative example is presented.     

Kolmogorov's Contributions to the Foundations of Probability

Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov was the foremost contributor to the mathematical and philosophical foundations of probability in the twentieth century, and his thinking on the topic is still potent today. In this article we first review the three stages of Kolmogorov's work on the foundations of probability: (1) his formulation of measure-theoretic probability, 1933; (2) his frequentist theory of probability, 1963; and (3) his algorithmic theory of randomness, 1965–1987. We also discuss another approach to the foundations of probability, based on martingales, which Kolmogorov did not consider.