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41.
Raghunath P. Tripathi Jogindar S. Bahl Ramesh C. Purohit 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1974,24(9):505-514
In the present investigation, the effect of three process variables viz., air rate, temperature and time of oxidation has been studied to determine the possibility of making paving bitumens from North Rumaila Crude Oil. In order to have flexibility in the choice of proper feedstock for bitumen production, the effect of these process parameters was studied on three different vacuum residues. Air rate and temperature of oxidation were optimised to produce a bitumen product having less temperature susceptibility. The composition studies of typical feeds and oxidised products indicate that mainly “saturates” components get converted to “asphaltics” on air blowing. 相似文献
42.
A novel semi‐interpenetrating (semi‐IPN) graft copolymer of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with chitosan (CS) has been prepared in the form of microspheres, using water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsion technique. Microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X‐ray diffractometry (X‐RD) to confirm the crosslinking and polymorphism of indomethacin (IDM). The X‐RD and DSC techniques indicated a molecular‐level dispersion of IDM in the IPN matrix. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) taken at the cross section of the microspheres have shown rough surfaces around the microspheres. The sustained release characteristics of the matrices for IDM, an anti‐inflammatory drug, were investigated in pH 7.4 media. Particle size and size distribution of the microspheres were studied by laser light diffraction particle size analyzer. The drug was released in a sustained manner for up to 12 h. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006 相似文献
43.
Selin Sagbas Suner Subhra Mohapatra Ramesh S. Ayyala Venkat R. Brethanabotla Nurettin Sahiner 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(24):50576
Catechin (CAT) was crosslinked with trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TMPTGE) to obtain degradable poly(CAT) particles in a single step. Spherical p(CAT) particles with tens of micrometer size range and an isoelectronic point at pH 1.2 were obtained. The hydrolytic degradation of p(CAT) particles provided sustainable and extended release with 264 mg/g CAT release within 10 days at pH 7.4. The antioxidant capacity of 55.0 ± 0.9 μg/ml gallic acid equivalent in terms of total phenol content, and 0.88 ± 0.3 μmol/g trolox equivalent were estimated for p(CAT) particles displaying strong radical scavenging capability. Blood clotting and hemolysis assays demonstrated dose-dependent blood compatibility revealing higher blood compatibility for p(CAT) particles up to 10 μg/ml concentration. The cytotoxicity results show that p(CAT) particles have almost no toxicity for CCD841 normal colon cells at 250 μg/ml concentration in 24 h incubation time giving ~97% cell viability, whereas CAT molecules only provide ~34% cell viability. 相似文献
44.
Samarthya Bhagia Nidia C. Gallego Nitilaksha Hiremath David P. Harper Richard A. Lowden Richard R. Lowden Yunqiao Pu Uday Vaidya Soydan Ozcan Arthur J. Ragauskas 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(32):50797
High speed friction grinding has been used to grind plant and food substances in water but never been explored for grinding of thermoplastics like polylactic acid (PLA), low and high density polyethylene and polypropylene. Such grinding was investigated in this work and was made possible by using 0.5% guar gum solution instead of just water because increasing the viscosity of water reduced their settling and the speed of passing through the grinder. Tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of the plastics were studied and higher grinding efficiency of PLA could be explained by its low elongation-at-break compared to low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, and polypropylene. The microplastics (2000–45 μm) were studied for mass and particle size distributions and by scanning electron microscopy, 13C CP/MAS NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, viscosity of guar gum and contact angles was measured. This new technology can produce finely ground microplastics (710–45 μm) for a variety of applications. 相似文献
45.
K. M. N. Prasanna A. S. Khanna Ramesh Chandra W. J. Quadakkers 《Oxidation of Metals》1996,46(5-6):465-480
Alumina-forming ODS superalloys are excellent oxidation-resistant materials. Their resistance relies upon the establishment of a stable, slow-growing, and adherent -alumina. In the present investigation, these alloys exhibited unstable and relatively less adherent -alumina phase, which increased the oxidation rate in the transient stage and converted into -alumina in the later part of the exposure. The oxide-growth process was found to depend upon various parameters such as temperature, time, and presence of an active elecment in the superalloy. Characterization carried out by XRD, SEM/EDAX, and AES on oxidized ODS and non-ODS alloys demonstrated a significant influence of the active element, Y, on the transformation of - to -alumina. SIMS analysis of two-stage oxidation at 900°C for two different durations evidently showed that the change in the transport process is due to -to--alumina transformation. On the basis of these results, a new and consistent mechanism is proposed to explain the influence of -alumina and its transformation on growth kinetics and the effect of yttrium on the transformation leading to good scale adherence and oxidation resistance. 相似文献
46.
R. Ramesh M. A. Mannan A. N. Poo 《International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture》2003,43(4):435
Thermal error in machine tools has been observed to be closely linked to the temperature of critical elements of the machine. It was found, in the experiments conducted herein, that there was a significant increase in the axis positioning error on account of an increase in the temperature of the machine elements due to continuous operation. However, it was also observed that the specific operating parameters of the test cycles carried out also significantly affected the positioning error. Different sets of operating parameters generated significantly different error values even though the temperature of the machine elements generated by those operating conditions was similar. As such, this observation forms a very important consideration in the development of a generic thermal error compensation system. It appears to indicate that such a system needs to be capable of evaluating the compensation depending upon the temperature values of the machine elements as well as account for the effect that different operating parameters induce upon the positioning error under the same thermal condition of the machine. This paper attempts to analyse the thermal behaviour of a three-axis vertical machining centre under the influence of various operating parameters and, through the experimental results obtained, point out and explain the effect of these parameters on the axis positioning error. This behaviour forms the basis of an improved modelling methodology that is presented separately in Part II of this paper. 相似文献
47.
E. Titus N. Ali G. Cabral J. Gracio P. Ramesh Babu M. J. Jackson 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2006,15(2):182-186
This article reports key findings on the chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNT). The functionalization of chemical
vapor-deposited CNT was carried out by treating tubes with polyvinyl alcohol through ultrasonication in water with the aid
of a surfactant. The surfactant is expected to promote the unbundling of aggregated CNT. The characterization of functionalized
samples using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the
CNT were functionalized by the interaction of carboxylic acid and hydroxyl groups. From the characterization studies, it is
apparent that there is a strong interaction between these functional groups and the covalently bonded carbon in the CNT network.
The functionalization process enabled good CNT dispersion in the solution, and the CNT remained in suspension for many days.
To support the effective functionalization of the tubes, the interaction of functionalized CNT with Ni ions is also demonstrated.
This paper was presented at the fourth International Surface Engineering Congress and Exposition held August 1–3, 2005 in
St. Paul, MN. 相似文献
48.
Utilising the methodology of content analysis, this study uses a multidisciplinary approach to define public e-procurement. Various aspects of e-procurement have been discussed from information systems, supply chain management, electronic commerce/electronic government, and public procurement to come up with an integrated definition of public e-procurement. Following this, e-procurement assimilation has been defined and its impact on procurement efficiency has been evaluated. Following the confirmatory factor analysis in structural equation modelling, dimensional level analysis in ANOVA has been undertaken for the three forms of e-procurement technologies namely e-tendering, e-catalogue management systems, and e-marketplace. The results show the positive and significant impact of the assimilation process on procurement efficiency. 相似文献
49.
Isolation enhancement between tightly spaced compact unidirectional patch‐antennas on multilayer EBG surfaces
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In this article, ultracompact unidirectional patch antennas are used in different two‐antenna systems for biomedical applications at 5.2 GHz. Multilayer mushroom type electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures are designed as slow‐wave medium to reduce the size of the individual patch antennas to 0.1λ0 by 0.18λ0. Various techniques are investigated herein to improve antenna isolation for an enhanced Multiple‐Input Multiple‐Output (MIMO) performance. First, the coupling between 0.3λ0‐spaced antennas is verified to occur dominantly through radiation and near‐field coupling between the patches rather than through substrate‐bound modes. Second, various configurations are proposed to suppress antenna coupling. These approaches include reorientation of the antennas and employment of parasitic radiators between the patches. A novel design is presented in which a unidirectional parasitic slot radiator on an EBG reflector is inserted between the antennas to decouple them. Measurement results confirm efficacy of these approaches in mitigating antenna coupling by more than 11 dB in the operating bandwidth of the antennas. The compact patch antennas maintain efficiency values of higher than 70%. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:30–38, 2015. 相似文献
50.
We advocate the use of quickly‐adjustable, computer‐controlled color spectra in photography, lighting and displays. We present an optical relay system that allows mechanical or electronic color spectrum control and use it to modify a conventional camera and projector. We use a diffraction grating to disperse the rays into different colors, and introduce a mask (or LCD/DMD) in the optical path to modulate the spectrum. We analyze the trade‐offs and limitations of this design, and demonstrate its use in a camera, projector and light source. We propose applications such as adaptive color primaries, metamer detection, scene contrast enhancement, photographing fluorescent objects, and high dynamic range photography using spectrum modulation. 相似文献