Structural and optical properties of ITO/TiO2 anti-reflective films for solar cell applications

Indium tin oxide (ITO) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) anti-reflective coatings (ARCs) were deposited on a (100) P-type monocrystalline Si substrate by a radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. Polycrystalline ITO and anatase TiO₂ films were obtained at room temperature (RT). The thickness of ITO (60 to 64 nm) and TiO₂ (55 to 60 nm) films was optimized, considering the optical response in the 400- to 1,000-nm wavelength range. The deposited films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The XRD analysis showed preferential orientation along (211) and (222) for ITO and (200) and (211) for TiO₂ films. The XRD analysis showed that crystalline ITO/TiO₂ films could be formed at RT. The crystallite strain measurements showed compressive strain for ITO and TiO₂ films. The measured average optical reflectance was about 12% and 10% for the ITO and TiO₂ ARCs, respectively.     

Effects of extrusion cooking on the dietary fibre content and Water Solubility Index of wheat bran extrudates

Instant study was an attempt to elucidate the suitability of wheat bran for extrusion cooking and to check the effect of different extrusion parameters on the dietary fibre profile as well as on water solubility index. Response surface methodology was used to optimise the extrusion parameters. From results, it was concluded that extrusion cooking had a positive effect on total and soluble dietary fibre. Whilst the insoluble dietary fibre decreased appreciably with the varying processing parameters, the decrease in insoluble fibre and increase in soluble fibre were probably due to disruption of covalent and noncovalent bonds in the carbohydrate and protein moieties leading to smaller and more soluble molecular fragments. Additionally, water solubility index was greatly enhanced by varying extrusion temperature and screw speed. Conclusively, the findings suggest the usefulness of extrusion cooking to beneficially modify the wheat bran for value addition.     

Intelligent Sound-Based Early Fault Detection System for Vehicles

An intelligent sound-based early fault detection system has been proposed for vehicles using machine learning. The system is designed to detect faults in vehicles at an early stage by analyzing the sound emitted by the car. Early detection and correction of defects can improve the efficiency and life of the engine and other mechanical parts. The system uses a microphone to capture the sound emitted by the vehicle and a machine-learning algorithm to analyze the sound and detect faults. A possible fault is determined in the vehicle based on this processed sound. Binary classification is done at the first stage to differentiate between faulty and healthy cars. We collected noisy and normal sound samples of the car engine under normal and different abnormal conditions from multiple workshops and verified the data from experts. We used the time domain, frequency domain, and time-frequency domain features to detect the normal and abnormal conditions of the vehicle correctly. We used abnormal car data to classify it into fifteen other classical vehicle problems. We experimented with various signal processing techniques and presented the comparison results. In the detection and further problem classification, random forest showed the highest results of 97% and 92% with time-frequency features.     

CARR: a scalable solution for network packet classification

Modern Internet routers have to handle a large number of packet classification rules, which requires classification schemes to be scalable both in time and space. In this paper, we present a scalable packet classification algorithm that is developed by combining two new concepts to the well‐known bit vector (BV) scheme. We propose a range search method based on a cache‐aware tree (CATree) which makes full use of processor's cache line to reduce the number of dynamic random access memory (DRAM) accesses. Theoretically, the number of DRAM accesses of CATree is about log(m+1) times lower than that of the widely used binary search algorithm, where m is the number of keys in a single cache line. Based on our computational results on a set of 1024 keys, the CATree algorithm is 36% faster than binary search algorithm and the performance is better when applied to a larger set of keys. In addition, we develop a rule re‐arrangement algorithm to reduce the bitmap space of BV. With this re‐arrangement, the rules for the same action may be assigned an identical priority. This reduces the number of priorities as well as the memory space of the bitmap. Furthermore, this also reduces the number of memory accesses and hence, increases the CPU cache utilization. With CATree and rule re‐arrangement, the cache‐aware bit vector with rule re‐arrangement algorithm achieves better performance in comparison with the regular BV scheme, both in space and time. In our experiments, the proposed algorithm reduces the bitmap memory space of a practical set of firewall rules by two orders of magnitude and is 91% faster than the regular BV.     

Hybrid system for automatic detection of gunshots in indoor environment

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Automatic gunshot detection technology allows incidence response system to counteract the potential of crimes. However, the surveillance systems suffer from...     

Resource-based direct manipulation: a user-centric visual interface for operational customization of future smart appliances

Telecommunication Systems - In the current era of IoT, home appliances like dishwashers, washing machines, and coffee makers, etc. are being equipped with internet access and sensing resources to...     

Uniform Temperature Cylindrical Furnace

A method of calculating the variation in temperature along the axis of a uniformly wound cylindrical furnace is given. Methods have been suggested for obtaining a predetermined field of temperature, including uniform temperature in a furnace. The following has been shown.     

Radiative flow of MHD non-Newtonian fluid by utilizing the updated version of heat flux model under Joule heating

This exploration reports the analysis of thermal and species transportation to yields manifesting non-Newtonian material flowing over the linear stretching sheet. Phenomena of heat transport are presented via Cattaneo–Christov heat flux definition. Mass transportation is modeled by engaging the traditional Fick's second law with updated model of mass flux including the species relaxation time. Moreover, Joule heating and radiation contribution to thermal transmission are also considered. The significant contribution of diffusion-thermo and thermos-diffusion is engaged in thermal and species transmission. Physical depiction of the considered scenario is modeled via boundary layer approximation. Similarity analysis has been made to transfigure the system of modeled partial differential equations into respective ordinary differential equations. Afterwards, transformed physical expressions are computed for the momentum, thermal, and species transportation inside the boundary layer.