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71.
Mimicking human motion with a humanoid robot is essential for allowing humanoid robots to be used in service applications.
Simply creating motions without considerations for balance and stability or directly copying motion from a human using motion
capture and implementing it on a humanoid robot may not be successful because of the difference in physical properties between
the human and the humanoid robot, which may cause instability and make it fall. Using the Zero Moment Point as the stability
criteria, this work proposes a Constrained Analytical Trajectory Filter as part of an Analytical Motion Filter, which stabilizes
a reference motion that can come from human motion capture data, kinematic synthesis, or animation software. The resulting
solutions used in the Constrained Analytical Trajectory Filter provide insight into the complex interactions of motion and
stability. The solutions were verified in simulation and with hardware, showing that the analytical filter can be successfully
applied for stabilizing reference motions for humanoid robots which may be unstable otherwise. 相似文献
72.
Heather E. Golden Christopher D. Knightes Ellen J. Cooter Robin L. Dennis Robert C. Gilliam Kristen M. Foley 《Environmental Modelling & Software》2010,25(12):1722-1737
Directly linking air quality and watershed models could provide an effective method for estimating spatially-explicit inputs of atmospheric contaminants to watershed biogeochemical models. However, to adequately link air and watershed models for wet deposition estimates, each model’s temporal and spatial representation of precipitation needs to be consistent. We explore how precipitation implemented within the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) model algorithms, and multiple spatially-explicit precipitation datasets that could be used to improve the CMAQ model deposition estimates, links with the standard precipitation sources used to calibrate watershed models (i.e., rain gage data) via modeled water fluxes. Simulations are run using a grid-based watershed mercury model (GBMM) in two watersheds. Modeled monthly runoff suggests that multiple resolution Parameter-elevations Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) and National Multi-sensor Precipitation Analysis Stage IV (NPA) data generate similar monthly runoff estimates, with comparable or greater accuracy when evaluated against stream gage data than that produced by the base rain gage data. However, across longer time periods, simulated water balances using 36 km Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research mesoscale model (MM5) data are similar to that of base data. The investigation also examines the implications our results, providing suggestions for linking air quality and watershed fate and transport models. 相似文献
73.
Weiya Jin Brian H. Dennis Bo Ping Wang 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2010,41(3):433-439
The semi-analytical method (SAM) is a computationally efficient and easy to implement approach often used for the sensitivity
analysis of finite element models. However, it is known to exhibit serious inaccuracy for shape sensitivity analysis for structures
modeled by beam, frame, plate, or shell elements. In the present paper, we use a semi-analytical approach based on complex
variables (SACVM) to compute the sensitivity of finite element models composed of beam and plate elements. The SACVM combines
the complex variable method (CVM) with the semi-analytical method (SAM) to obtain the response sensitivity accurately and
efficiently. The current approach maintains the computational efficiency of the semi-analytical method but with higher accuracy.
In addition, the current approach is insensitive to the choice of step size, a feature that simplifies its use in practical
problems. The method is applicable to any structural elements including beam, frame, plate, or shell elements and only requires
minor modifications to existing finite element codes. 相似文献
74.
Dennis Heinson York Yannikos Frederik Franke Christian Winter Markus Schneider 《Datenschutz und Datensicherheit - DuD》2010,34(2):75-79
Der Einsatz von Informationstechnologie (IT) in Organisationen bietet viele M?glichkeiten des Missbrauchs. Besch?ftigte k?nnen
sich die besonderen Eigenschaften der IT zunutze machen, um sich etwa in gesch?ftssch?digender Weise Vorteile zu verschaffen.
Gleichzeitig erm?glicht IT aber auch, verbotene Handlungen aufzuspüren und zu belegen (IT-Forensik). Der Beitrag beschreibt
die technische Praxis von IT-forensischen Analysen und geht auf damit verbundene rechtliche Fragestellungen ein. 相似文献
75.
This paper presents the comparison for the role of bi-articular and mono-articular actuators in human and bipedal robot legs, in particular the hip and knee joint, for driving the design of a humanoid robot with inspirations from the biological system. The various constraints driving the design of both systems are also compared. Additional factors particular to robotic system are identified and incorporated in the design process. To do this, a dynamic simulation is used to determine loading conditions and the forces and power produced by each actuator under various arrangements. It is shown that while the design principles of humans and humanoids are similar, other constraints ensure that robots are still merely inspired by humans, and not direct copies. A simple design methodology that captures the complexity and constraints of such a system in this paper is proposed. Finally, a full-size humanoid robot that demonstrates the newfound principle is highlighted. 相似文献
76.
Stephen G. McGill Seung‐Joon Yi Hak Yi Min Sung Ahn Sanghyun Cho Kevin Liu Daniel Sun Bhoram Lee Heejin Jeong Jinwook Huh Dennis Hong Daniel D. Lee 《野外机器人技术杂志》2017,34(4):775-801
This paper describes Team THOR's approach to human‐in‐the‐loop disaster response robotics for the 2015 DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC) Finals. Under the duress of unpredictable networking and terrain, fluid operator interactions and dynamic disturbance rejection become major concerns for effective teleoperation. We present a humanoid robot designed to effectively traverse a disaster environment while allowing for a wide range of manipulation abilities. To complement the robot hardware, a hierarchical software foundation implements network strategies that provide real‐time feedback to an operator under restricted bandwidth using layered user interfaces. Our strategy for humanoid locomotion includes a backward‐facing knee configuration paired with specialized toe and heel lifting strategies that allow the robot to traverse difficult surfaces while rejecting external perturbations. With an upper body planner that encodes operator preferences, predictable motion plans are executed in unforeseen circumstances. These plans are critical for manipulation in unknown environments. Our approach was validated during the DRC Finals competition, where Team THOR scored three points in 18 min of operation time, and the results are presented along with an analysis of each task. 相似文献
77.
Li Cao Tae Song Kim Susan C. Mantell Dennis L. Polla 《Sensors and actuators. A, Physical》2000,80(3):273-279
Two piezoresistive (n-polysilicon) strain sensors on a thin Si3N4/SiO2 membrane with improved sensitivity were successfully fabricated by using MEMS technology. The primary difference between the two designs was the number of strips of the polysilicon patterns. For each design, a doped n-polysilicon sensing element was patterned over a thin 3 μm Si3N4/SiO2 membrane. A 1000×1000 μm2 window in the silicon wafer was etched to free the thin membrane from the silicon wafer. The intent of this design was to fabricate a flexible MEMS strain sensor similar in function to a commercial metal foil strain gage. A finite element model of this geometry indicates that strains in the membrane will be higher than strains in the surrounding silicon. The values of nominal resistance of the single strip sensor and the multi-strip sensor were 4.6 and 8.6 kΩ, respectively. To evaluate thermal stability and sensing characteristics, the temperature coefficient of resistance [TCR=(ΔR/R0)/ΔT] and the gage factor [GF=(ΔR/R0)/] for each design were evaluated. The sensors were heated on a hot plate to measure the TCR. The sensors were embedded in a vinyl ester epoxy plate to determine the sensor sensitivity. The TCR was 7.5×10−4 and 9.5×10−4/°C for the single strip and the multi-strip pattern sensors. The gage factor was as high as 15 (bending) and 13 (tension) for the single strip sensor, and 4 (bending) and 21 (tension) for the multi-strip sensor. The sensitivity of these MEMS sensors is much higher than the sensitivity of commercial metal foil strain gages and strain gage alloys. 相似文献
78.
Rainwater tanks are increasingly adopted in Australia to reduce potable water demand and are perceived to reduce the volume of stormwater discharge from developments. This paper investigates the water balance of rainwater tanks, in particular the possible impacts these tanks could have in controlling the stormwater discharge volume. The study collected water quantity data from two sites in the Hawkesbury City Council area, New South Wales, Australia and utilised the collected data in a simple water balance model to assess the effectiveness of rainwater tanks in reducing the stormwater discharge volume. The results indicate that a significant reduction in discharge volume from a lot scale development can be achieved if the rainwater tank is connected to multiple end-uses, but is minimal when using irrigation alone. In addition, the commonly used volumetric runoff coefficient of 0.9 was found to over-estimate the runoff from the roof areas and to thereby under-estimate the available volume within the rainwater tanks for retention or detention. Also, sole reliance on the water in the rainwater tanks can make the users aware of their water use pattern and water availability, resulting in significant reductions in water use as the supply dwindles, through self-imposed water restrictions. 相似文献
79.
Dynamic slicing is a promising trace based technique that helps programmers in the process of debugging. In order to debug a failed run, dynamic slicing requires the dynamic dependence graph (DDG) information for that particular run. The two major challenges involved in utilizing dynamic slicing as a debugging technique are the efficient computation of the DDG and the efficient computation of the dynamic slice, given the DDG. In this paper, we present an efficient debugger, which first computes the DDG efficiently while the program is executing; dynamic slicing is later performed efficiently on the computed DDG, on demand. To minimize program slowdown during the online computation of DDG, we make the design decision of not outputting the computed dependencies to a file, instead, storing them in memory in a specially allocated fixed size circular buffer. The size of the buffer limits the length of the execution history that can be stored. To maximize the execution history that can be maintained, we introduce optimizations to eliminate the storage of most of the generated dependencies, at the same time ensuring that those that are stored are sufficient to capture the bug. Experiments conducted on CPU‐intensive programs show that our optimizations are able to reduce the trace rate from 16 to 0.8 bytes per executed instruction. This enables us to store the dependence trace history for a window of 20 million executed instructions in a 16‐MB buffer. Our debugger is also very efficient, yielding slicing times of around a second, and only slowing down the execution of the program by a factor of 19 during the online tracing step. Using recently proposed architectural support for monitoring, we are also able to handle multithreaded programs running on multicore processors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
80.
Louise A. Dennis Michael Fisher Matthew P. Webster Rafael H. Bordini 《Automated Software Engineering》2012,19(1):5-63
In this paper we describe a verification system for multi-agent programs. This is the first comprehensive approach to the verification of programs developed using programming languages based on the BDI (belief-desire-intention)
model of agency. In particular, we have developed a specific layer of abstraction, sitting between the underlying verification
system and the agent programming language, that maps the semantics of agent programs into the relevant model-checking framework.
Crucially, this abstraction layer is both flexible and extensible; not only can a variety of different agent programming languages
be implemented and verified, but even heterogeneous multi-agent programs can be captured semantically. In addition to describing this layer, and the semantic mapping inherent
within it, we describe how the underlying model-checker is driven and how agent properties are checked. We also present several
examples showing how the system can be used. As this is the first system of its kind, it is relatively slow, so we also indicate
further work that needs to be tackled to improve performance. 相似文献