Influence of textile parameters on the in‐plane permeability characteristics of non‐crimped fabric preforms

Material parameters such as the permeability of dry reinforcing textiles are key variables for modern composite production using liquid composite molding (LCM) technique. Nowadays numerical filling simulations are required for predicting the mold filling behavior. Inaccurate predictions can lead to a high risk of air inclusion and corresponding need for cost‐intense revision of the mold design. Permeability values of the textiles used in the process are basic requirements for a numerical filling simulation, since the permeability is directly linked to the filling behavior. Nevertheless, the permeability values of non‐crimped fabrics (NCF) which are used for aerospace and automotive structures are rare. In this study the influence of textile parameters of NCF on the in‐plane permeability has been investigated using a capacitive in‐plane permeability measurement technology. The results show the influence of the roving filament number as well as the used stitch length on the in‐plane permeability. It is confirmed that the textile grammage is not affecting the in‐plane permeability of NCF reinforcements. The results of this study are valuable for textile selection with specific permeability data as well as for numerical filling simulations. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:1854–1863, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Verstärkung mit vorgespannten eingeschlitzten Lamellen

Oberflächig geklebte Kohlefaserlamellen (CFK) werden seit vielen Jahren zur Bauteilverstärkung eingesetzt. Die hohe Festigkeit dieser Lamellen kann aufgrund der begrenzten Zugkapazität des Betons nicht zur Gänze ausgenutzt werden. Eingeschlitzte CFK Lamellen hingegen bieten wesentliche Vorteile, die zusammen mit Vorspannung noch weiter optimiert werden können. Für den Vorspannvorgang wurde eine spezielle Verankerung, auf Basis der Composite Wedge Technik, entwickelt, die einfaches und rasches Vorspannen erlaubt. Die Verankerung ist zudem nur 8 kg schwer, was besonders vorteilhaft beim Hantieren an der Tragwerksunterseite ist. Nach dem Vorspannen wird die Verankerung entfernt, die permanente Verankerung der Lamellenenden wird durch nachträgliches Verkleben gewährleistet. Es verbleiben keine Stahlteile im oder am Bauwerk. So zeichnet sich die Konstruktion durch geringen Wartungsaufwand und hohe Dauerhaftigkeit aus. Die Effizienz der entwickelten Systeme wurde an vorgespannten Plattenstreifen experimentell untersucht. In den Untersuchungen konnte die Funktionsfähigkeit nachgewiesen werden. Strengthening using Prestressed Near Surface Mounted Strips Exernally bonded carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) strips are used since several years for strengthening of structures. The high strength of the strips cannot be exploited in most applications. Near surface mounted strips offer several advantages, which allow for further optimization together with prestressing. For the prestressing action a special anchoring device, based on the Composite Wedge Principle, was developed, which allows a simple and quick prestressing procedure. Additionally the anchorage weighs only 8 kg, which is especially beneficial when manipulations on the lower surface of the structure are necessary. The anchorage will be removed after prestressing and the permanent anchorage of the ends of the strips will be established by bond. No steel parts remain in the structure, after completing the strengthening. This results in low maintenance and a high durability. The efficiency of the developed systems and the prestressed plate strips was examined experimentally. In these investigations a perfect functionality could be demonstrated.     

Negative Priming Effects in Children Engaged in Nonspatial Tasks: Evidence for Early Development of an Intact Inhibitory Mechanism.

Three experiments are reported that examined conceptual negative priming effects in children 5 to 12 years of age. Experiment 1 used a negative priming variant of a flanker task requiring the naming of a central color blob flanked by irrelevant distractors. Experiment 2 used a negative priming variant of the Stroop color-word task. Experiment 3 used a same-different matching task with novel 3-D shapes. Results revealed significant and equivalent magnitudes of negative priming across the tested age groups for all 3 tasks. It is concluded that the inhibitory mechanism underlying conceptual (i.e., identity or semantic) negative priming in visual selective attention tasks is intact in young children. Because the findings and conclusions diverge from the developmental literature on negative priming, the authors attempt to reconcile the contradictions by pinning down the reasons for the discrepancies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Surface condition monitoring of unalloyed steel sheet by measuring ferromagnetic properties and using multi-parameter data analysis

Initial investigations into coated steel sheets were conductted to verify whether sample- and batch-independent classification of surface condition can be achieved with multi-inductive data acquisition and multivariate data analysis without using a priori information. Using an ‘integrated sensor’ - a multi-inductive sensor - it is possible to obtain parameters of eddy currents, hysteresis and noise voltage with PC control. These parameters are the input values of multivariate data analysis.     

Performance of construction materials in multiphase liquid/solid flows

The transport of corrosive liquids containing solids, in conventional energy and process technology as, for example, in oil and gas production, places high demands on the selection of materials for plant construction. A discussion on the chemo-mechanical load demonstrates the significance of hydrodynamics in selecting the test method. Choosing a pipe with an abrupt expansion of cross-section as a flow model yields a new method of simulating operation conditions. By subjecting ferrous materials used for hydraulic machinery to representative media from three important industries, a broad spectrum of results can be obtained. Classification of the results leads to four basic types of mass loss behaviour in materials as functions of flow rate. These findings yield guidelines for the selection of materials and the dimensioning of flow equipment.     

Linkage analysis between manic-depressive illness and markers on the long arm of chromosome 11

The effect of two cyclic enkephalin analogs (IVS-43 and IVS-46) on the group and individual behavior of rhesus macaques and hamadryas baboons has been studied. A pronounced influence of IVS-46 on competitive and operant goal-directed behavior of the monkeys was identified.     

Sampling designs for stereology*

The purpose of this paper is to propose the necessary sampling techniques for estimating a global parameter defined in a solid opaque specimen (e.g. the total volume of mitochondria in a given liver, the total capillary surface area in a given lung, etc.). The geometry of the specimen often suggests a multi-level or cascade sampling design at different magnifications, whereby the object phase at one level becomes the reference phase in the next level. The final parameter is then estimated as the product of the intermediate ratios with the volume of the specimen, which is estimated independently. Each level can be regarded as an independent sampling design; a given stereological project may be planned in terms of one or more of these designs. Our development is a blend of practical experience and recent theoretical advances on sampling for stereology with well-known sampling techniques previously developed with different purposes in mind.     

Industrielle Anwendung von zeolithischen Katalysatoren beim Hydrocracken

Industrial application of zeolitic catalysts in hydrocracking . For maximum production of gasoline by hydrocracking using zeolite type catalysts two cracking schemes are presented and the operation conditions, feedstocks, yields, and material balances are discussed. The advantages of zeolitic hydrocracking catalysts are outlined. The main catalyst parameters controlling activity and selectivity are described and a scheme for the preparation of zeolitic catalysts is given, which illustrates the superiority of zeolitic hydrocracking catalysts over amorphous ones. Finally, the hydrocracking of residues is reviewed and a typical process together with the product characteristics and yields obtained is described.