Fetal cardiocentesis in care of severe Kell immunisation

The presence of divalent (Mg2+) ions greatly reduced the lysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain G48 in a system at pH 7.8 or 9.0 consisting of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), lysozyme and tris. Similar reductions in lysis occurred when EDTA was replaced by nitrilotriacetic acid, sodium citrate or sodium polyphosphate. The effect depended on the cation concentration. Mg2+ may replace cations removed from the outer membrane, or may effectively remove the permeabilizer from the system. The results suggest that the permeabilizing activity associated with these agents against this organism has a common basis in affecting the outer membrane.     

A refrigeration plant with 300 W capacity at 1.8 K

An industrial-scale helium II refrigeration plant operating at 1.8 K with a low specific energy consumption (436 kW_el for 370 W effective refrigeration) was built to cool superconducting components of particle accelerators and separators. The performance, process, control system, and important aggregates are described; the plant is compared with similar plants built previously.     

Einfluß des Mangangehaltes auf die Abschreck- und Reckalterung von Kohlenstoff und/oder Stickstoff

Ermittlung der Ausscheidungskinetik verschiedener Eisen-Kohlenstoff-, Eisen-Stickstoff- und Eisen-Kohlenstoff-Stickstoff-Legierungen mit und ohne Mangan durch Aufnahme von Dämpfungskurven nach unterschiedlich langer Auslagerung. Aufnahme von Spannung-Dehnung-Kurven nach Abschreck- und Reckalterung und Vergleich des zeitlichen Verlaufs mit dem der Ausscheidungen.     

Einflu? verschiedener Schmelzsalze auf die Qualit?t und Haltbarkeit von Schmelzk?se

Zusammenfassung Der Einflu? von Schmelzsalzen auf die Qualit?t und Haltbarkeit von Schmelzk?se wurde in einem Versuch mit 4 K?sesorten und 10 Schmelzsalzen in 18w?chiger Lagerung bei 4 verschiedenen Temperaturen untersucht. Dabei zeigte sich, da? die günstigen Eigenschaften der Polyphosphate durch die anderen geprüften Schmelzsalze nicht zu erreichen sind: Orthophosphate ergeben K?se, die organoleptisch unbefriedigend sind. ?hnliches, wenn auch in geringerem Ma?e, gilt für Pyrophosphate.' Citrate, die sich zum Schmelzen von Blockk?se — abgesehen von evtl. auftretender Marmorierung — eignen, neigen relativ leicht zu bakteriellem Verderb (Trieb) und sind in dieser Hinsicht den Polyphosphaten unterlegen. Die ausgezeichneten Eigenschaften der Polyphosphate als Schmelzsalze beruhen auf hervorragendem Calciumbindungsverm?gen bei hinreichender Pufferkapazit?t. Aufgabe der Schmelzsalze ist, das schwer l?sliche Ca-Paracaseinat in das leichter l?sliche Na-Paracaseinat zu überführen und durch Einhaltung eines gewissen pH-Wertes das Verhalten des Proteins zu fixieren. Dabei wirken die Polyphosphate als Ionenaustauscher. Diese Anschauungen konnten durch Bestimmung des Ca-Bindungsverm?gens von Polyphosphaten bei verschiedenen pH-Werten als auch durch Schmelzversuche mit dem Ca-Komplexbildner EDTA gestützt werden. Die Schmelzversuche wurden von HerrnLeicht, Neu-Ulm, ausgeführt, dem hier für seine wertvolle Hilfe gedankt sei. Für die sorgsame Ausführung der Untersuchungen danken wir unseren Mitarbeiterinnen Frl.E. Glindemann, Frl.I. Seitz, Frl.L. Liebherr, Frl.U. Dahncke, Frl.B. Hilme, FrauG. Koppert, Frl.G. Schenk, FrauR. Linders, Frl.Ch. Meyer, FrauW. Rickert, FrauE. Fischer. Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr.W. Diemair zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Low‐alloyed TRIP‐Steels with Optimized Strength,Forming and Welding Properties

To obtain the superior strength‐ductility‐balance of TRIP‐grades, a special chemical composition in combination with well adapted processing parameters are a prerequisite. Despite of their excellent formability performance in terms of drawability as characterized by high n‐ and elongation values, compared to mild steels TRIP‐grades are challenging in the press and the body shops. The high strength level in combination with the high work hardening of TRIP‐grades result in higher levels of spring back compared to mild steels and higher press forces are required. Furthermore, a higher sensitivity to failure for sharp bending radii and a deterioration of the formability of punched edges is reported for TRIP‐grades. While spring back can only be minimized by advanced forming processes supported by new simulation techniques with improved ability to predict spring back, the sensitivity to failure under special forming conditions can be influenced by optimizing microstructural features. Contrary to the forming behaviour, which is influenced significantly by the microstructure, the weldability is mainly governed by the chemical composition and the surface condition of the material. The high carbon content of TRIP‐grades compared to mild steels results in a higher hardening potential after welding. Additionally, a fracture behaviour untypical for mild steels after destructive testing of spot welds is sometimes observed for TRIP‐grades, which is assessed critically by some OEMs. In this work, after a discussion of the processing conditions, possibilities are demonstrated to improve the forming behaviour by an optimization of the microstructure and the spot weldability by adapting the chemical composition of low‐alloyed TRIP grades. First very promising results for TRIP‐grades with a minimum tensile strength level of 700 MPa are discussed.     

The neglect of aesthetics in landscape planning in Switzerland

In this paper, landscape is defined as any part of the Earth’s surface in which various aspects, such as terrestrial, aquatic, natural and cultural interact with differing dominance. Within landscapes, energy and material flows over time are major driving forces of landscape dynamics. Such a comprehensive approach to landscape should also be applied in landscape planning, however this is rarely the case in Switzerland. The concept of landscape aesthetics in particular is neglected, therefore, four theses are formulated and discussed in this paper.The tourist industry promotes Switzerland with pictures showing beautiful scenery. Some of the landscape elements shown, e.g. ecclesiastical buildings and historical profane buildings, are widely recognised for their aesthetic values, and scientifically examined by art historians and other disciplines. Strangely enough, this is not the case for cultural landscapes, despite the fact that they also reflect the history of human culture. This paradox evolves from the dichotomy between natural sciences and humanities. There is a lack of multi-, inter-, and trans-disciplinary approaches to studying cultural landscapes. The long-term genesis of the elements of the cultural landscape is illustrated by the typical structure of traditional cultural landscapes, i.e. “the hides of land” (i.e. strip-shaped forest clearings) (Hufenfluren).Between 1750 and 1850, many painters depicted the beauty of the traditional cultural landscape. Their paintings are acknowledged as a part of culture and treated accordingly, but this is not the case for the remains of the cultural landscape they painted. Comparing maps from different points in time reveal the loss of elements of cultural landscapes. Results show how traditional systems of land use led to highly structured landscapes, whereas today’s land-use levels out the scenery. Lack of public support significantly reduces the success of the legal tools to limit this process.     

Vorgespannte Decken ohne schlaffe Bewehrung

Pre‐stressed slabs without reinforcing steel The method of pre‐stressing concrete members was developed in the 1930's and the positive effect of pre‐stressing on the reduction of deflections and cracks was recognised at the time. The impressive developments in bridge construction methods in the course of the 20^th century could only be achieved by employing pre‐stressing. The advantages of using the pre‐stressing method in building constructions are exploited in a few countries, e. g. Australia and USA but not so much and not to the same extent in European countries. This paper shows, that it is feasible to build post‐tensioned slabs without reinforcing steel and points out a method that makes the construction of concrete slabs more economical.