High-performance dispersant of coal–water slurry synthesized from wheat straw alkali lignin

Environmental concerns have stimulated interest in utilizing plant-derived materials in various industrial fields. The main objective of the present study was to synthesize a new type of high-performance lignin series dispersant of coal–water slurry (CWS) from wheat straw alkali lignin (WAL), and determine the affecting factors in the reaction and the application performance for CWS preparation. The experimental results showed that the inherent viscosity and the sulfonic group content of the modified wheat straw alkali lignin (MSL) are the key factors affecting its dispersing effect for CWS. In the reaction, the reactant mass concentration and the sulfonating agent amount were changed to obtain the MSL with different inherent viscosities and sulfonic group contents, and the MSL with intermediate inherent viscosity (6.0 ml/g) and higher sulfonic group content (1.80 mmol g^− 1) was found to have excellent dispersing effect for CWS. The MSL obtained from optimized process was used as dispersant for CWS preparation, the studies of the properties of CWS showed that MSL has similar dispersing effect with naphtalenesulfonate–formaldehyde condensate, and far better dispersing effect than lignosulphonate. Recently this kind of new dispersant has been applied in several power plants in China.     

Preparation and properties of polyamines. Part I. Polymers containing dinitro substituted aromatic groups

Relatively high molecular weight polyamines with aromatic nitro groups in the repeat units were prepared by the reactions of aliphatic diamines, and 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, at elevated temperatures in diphenyl sulfone. The physical characteristics, including solubility, thermal stability, and viscosity of the resulting polyamines were found to be strongly dependent on the aliphatic chain length of the diamines used. All polymers exhibited exceptional solvent resistance. Except for strong acids with bulky counter-ions, including sulfuric, perchloric, and nitric acids, the polymers were found to be insoluble in all common organic solvents at room temperature.     

RLE图像压缩算法优化研究与应用

该文对比了传统的RLE（游程编码）算法,通过对RLE压缩编码的分析,得出RLE压缩算法存在很大的优化空间,并实现了优化后的RLE图像压缩算法,且着重介绍了这种算法的优缺点和优化方向。     

论计算机网络数据库安全技术

随着科学技术的发展,计算机技术也在随之快速的发展,但是相应的问题也随之而来。其中,由于计算机网络数据库中储存中许多重要的信息资料,计算机网络数据库的安全问题尤为重要。而国家在发展期间,国家与国家之间的竞争也随着转移到了计算机网络数据库安全上面。因此,为了国家的发展、经济的发展,保障计算机网络数据库的安全是目前社会面临的重要问题。     

生态环境材料的研究及进展

生态环境材料是近年来在先进材料研究中提出的一个新的研究领域。本文介绍了生态环境材料概念的产生背景、研究内容及进展。指出生态环境材料是全球和我国可持续发展战略的重要组成部分。     

Synthesis of Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 Microwave Ceramics through a Sol–Gel Route Using Acetate Salts

A sol–gel process to unsophisticatedly synthesize Ba(Mg_1/3Ta_2/3)O₃ (BMT) ceramics at low cost has been developed in the present work. This process involves the reaction of TaCl₅ with acetates of Ba and Mg in the presence of citric acid. Pure BMT polycrystalline powders can be obtained by calcining the synthesized products at 1000°C. The BMT powders were found to have a primary particle size as small as 100 nm. BMT ceramics with favorable structural characteristics can be obtained from sintering of the sol–gel BMT at temperatures much lower than that for the conventional solid-state BMT. Sintering the sol–gel BMT in pellet form at 1300°C resulted in an ordering parameter of 0.72 for the pellet, and a relative density of >95% was achieved with sintering at 1500°C. The grain size of the sintered sol–gel BMT was large and uniform in comparison with the products from the solid-state method. Using the sol–gel route, sintering at temperatures as low as 1400°C gave ceramics with acceptable microwave dielectric properties (a dielectric constant of 16 and Qf factor of 14 400 GHz), while higher temperatures (>1600°C) are needed for the solid-state route to give similar properties.     

TSP203Plus超前地质预报技术在贵广铁路客运专线长大隧道施工中的应用技术研究

贵广铁路线路中特大长隧道、特大断面的隧道所占比例达到75%以上,隧道穿越某些地质情况复杂地区,可能遇到的工程地质问题及地质灾害较一般浅埋隧道更多、更严重。因此,在隧道施工中开展超前地质预报工作非常有必要。TSP203plus的工作原理和系统工作特点能满足工程预报需要。在贵广铁路部分隧道超前地质预报中证实了TSP203plus作为一种隧道地质预报手段的合理性和有效性。在对TSP203plus超前地质预报产生的误差原因进行分析的同时,提出了提高预报精度对策,从而指导不良地质条件下的隧道安全快速施工。     

矩形和半圆形拉延筋几何参数对拉深阻力的影响

对拉延筋的作用机理进行了研究,基于ANSYS建立拉延筋约束阻力计算有限元模型,研究了矩形和半圆形两种典型拉延筋结构参数对拉深阻力的影响规律。结果表明:两种拉延筋结构参数中筋高与凹槽圆角半径对拉深阻力的影响是一致的,即拉延筋约束阻力与凹槽圆角半径成反比,与筋高成正比。但凸筋圆角半径对拉深阻力影响是不一致的,矩形拉延筋拉深阻力与凸筋圆角半径成反比;而半圆形拉延筋拉深阻力随着凸筋圆角半径的增大,拉深阻力先缓慢增大然后又逐渐减少。     

国土资源科学数据共享平台的数据发布技术研究

国土资源科学数据共享平台能够促进数据资源的流通,实现分散数据的整合,进而完成数据的统一管理和发布.数据发布技术是共享平台关键技术中的一项重要技术,所有对分散数据的操作最终都是通过数据发布来完成对用户共享的,对数据资源进行Web发布的好坏,直接关系到共享平台能否准确地提供数据资源来实现共享.立足于国土资源科学数据共享平台这个功能强大的系统,在对国土资源科学数据共享平台的总体结构进行详细介绍的基础上,探讨了共享平台中数据发布的方式和体系结构,重点提出了对动态数据发布的研究.     

城市燃气管网的管径优选

根据城市燃气管网设计的特点和燃气管输理论,以图论原理为指导,运用最优化方法,以使整个城市管网系统的管网造价最低为目标函数,以管网的压力降方程、连续性方程、环路压力平衡方程等为约束条件,建立了城市燃气管网管径优化模型,采用拉格朗日算法优化燃气管网,并开发了城市燃气管网管径优选计算软件。