Fabrication of High Performance PET/TLCP Fibers through the Synergistic Interfacial Enhancement and Compatibilization of Functional 1D and 2D Carbon Nanomaterials

The maleic anhydride functionalized graphene oxide (GO-MA) is fabricated by an efficient and solvent-free Diels–Alder reaction. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/thermotropic liquid crystal polyester (TLCP), PET/TLCP/GO-MA, PET/TLCP/aminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NH₂), and PET/TLCP/GO-MA/MWCNTs-NH₂ composite fibers are systematically melt-spun. The structure and compatibilizing effects of GO-MA and MWCNTs-NH₂ on the mechanical, thermal, and crystallization properties of the composite fibers are indicated. The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data show that TLCP and nanofillers can change the crystalline morphology of PET. The mechanical properties of the fibers rise with increasing TLCP content. The tensile strength 929 MPa and modulus 17.5 GPa of the fibers with 7 wt% TLCP and 0.25 wt% nanofillers (0.1 wt% GO-MA and 0.15 wt% MWCNTs-NH₂) are significantly higher than those with 7 wt% TLCP (tensile strength 622 MPa and modulus 16.1 GPa) and even higher than those with 15% TLCP (tensile strength 836 MPa, and modulus 18.0 GPa). When the GO-MA and MWCNTs-NH₂ co-exist, the anti-dripping phenomenon is improved. Therefore, the TLCP, GO, and MWCNTs synergistically strengthens the mechanical properties. This is promising for the industrial fabrication of high-strength fibers.     

Preparation of High Strength and Toughness Aramid Fiber by Introducing Flexible Asymmetric Monomer to Construct Misplaced-Nunchaku Structure

High performance fibers with high strength and toughness have great potential in composites, but contradiction between tensile strength and elongation at break makes the preparation to become a current challenge. Herein, an asymmetric structure of more flexible diamine, 3,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (3,4′-ODA), is introduced into heterocyclic aramid (PBIA) fibers to replace rigid symmetric p-phenylenediamine (PDA). By studying the properties of copolymer (mPEBA) fibers with different ratios of diamine, it is found that the mPEBA fiber reached the optimal mechanical properties with the 30% content of 3,4′-ODA. Compared with homopolymerized heterocyclic aramid fibers, the tensile strength and elongation at break of mPEBA fiber are improved by 26.2% and 38.7%, respectively. Results of X-ray diffraction show that the introduction of 3,4′-ODA structure can increase stretchability of mPEBA fibers, improving the orientation degree during hot-drawing. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm that 3,4′-ODA structure undergoes a conformation transformation to form a straightened chain during hot-drawing, while symmetrical 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (4,4′-ODA) cannot form the same conformation. The misplaced-nunchaku structure is formed based on the special meta-para position of 3,4′-ODA, achieving the synergy of high strength and high toughness.     

Boron Nitride Nanosheets Strengthened PVA/Borax Hydrogels with Highly Efficient Self-Healing and Rapid pH-Driven Shape Memory Effect

Self-healing hydrogels often possess poor mechanical properties which largely limits their applications in many fields. In this work, boron nitride nanosheets are introduced into a network of the poly(vinyl alcohol)/borax (PVA/borax) hydrogels to enhance the mechanical properties of the hydrogel without compromising the self-healing abilities. The obtained hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 0.410 ± 0.007 MPa, an elongation at break of 1712%, a Young's Modulus of 0.860 ± 0.023 MPa, and a toughness of 3.860 ± 0.075 MJ m⁻³. In addition, the self-healing efficiency of the hydrogels is higher than 90% within 10 min at room temperature. Benefiting from the excellent self-healing properties, the shapeability of the hydrogel fragments is observed using different molds. In addition, the hydrogels display rapid pH-driven shape memory effects and can recover to their original shape within 260 s. Overall, this work provides a new approach to hydrogels with integrated excellent mechanical properties, self-healing abilities, and rapid pH-driven shape memory effects.     

Natural Polysaccharides as Multifunctional Components for One-Step 3D Printing Tough Hydrogels

Natural polysaccharides (NPS) are regarded as biomolecular and structural components for preparing high-performance tough hydrogels. But the one-step fabrication of NPS-containing hydrogels in seconds and the template-free design of complicated high-resolution structures are still significant challenges in this field. To meet these requirements, various NPS-containing tough hydrogels are fabricated and processed into 2D/3D structures via the combination of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺-mediated photochemistry and extrusion 3D printing technique. The whole fabrication process is one-step, completed in tens of seconds under visible light irradiation. It is found that the used NPS plays a key role in achieving the fabrication of high-performance structured tough hydrogels. The high reactivity of functional groups in the used NPS can shorten their gelation times. Long rigid chains of the used NPS, their hierarchical assemblies, and contrasting multinetworks benefit from the efficient dissipation of mechanical energy and enhancement of its operational stability. Strong supramolecular interactions enable hydrogel precursors to have high viscosities, therefore providing good controllability to design high-resolution and complicated tough hydrogel structures via extrusion 3D printing. It is anticipated that this straightforward fabrication strategy and findings will open new horizons for NPS-containing materials.     

PAN/FPU Composite Nanofiber Membrane with Superhydrophobic and Superoleophobic Surface as a Filter Element for High-Efficiency Protective Masks

Recently, because of the outbreak of COVID-19, the demand for various types of filter elements in protective materials has increased globally. Furthermore, new requirements for the filtration performance of PM2.5 liquid (oil) particles have been put forward. In this work, Superhydrophobic and superoleophobic composite nanofibers with excellent filtration capacity for oil and salt particles are developed through the modification of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by fluoro-polyurethane (FPU) doping. The results show that the PAN/FPU composite nanofibers doped with 9 wt% FPU has a uniform fiber morphology with a diameter of 240 ± 30 nm. Compared to the pure PAN nanofibers, the water-based contact angle of PAN/FPU increases from 90 ± 5° to 151 ± 5°, and the oil-based contact angle increases from 58 ± 2° to 152 ± 3°. Importantly, at a high flow rate of 95 L min⁻¹, the filtration efficiency of the PAN/FPU nanofiber membrane for 0.3 µm oil particles increases from 92 ± 1% to 99.2 ± 0.1%. After cyclic loading, the filtration efficiency of 0.3 µm oil particles remains above 98%. Meanwhile, the filtration efficiency for 0.3 µm salt particles remains at 98.23 ± 0.1%. The PAN/FPU nanofiber membrane developed in this work is effective in applications and has good market prospects as a protective filtration material.     

Crude Wax Extracted from Rice Bran Oil Improves Oleogel Properties and Oxidative Stability

Crude wax extracted from rice bran oil (RBO) is used to improve the oleogel properties and oxidative stability of RBO. The effect of crude rice bran wax (CrBW) on the formation characteristics and oxidative stability of oleogels is discussed. The results show that oleogels can be formed with 7.0 wt% CrBW at 20 °C. As the concentration of CrBW increases from 7.0 to 11.0 wt%, the hardness and solid fat content (SFC) of the oleogels increase significantly, and the oleogels are primarily β' crystals. Moreover, oleogel crystals formed with 5 and 7 wt% CrBW are flocculent; when the amount included is 9%, the oleogel crystals are transformed into long dendrites, and the density rises. After 90 days of storage at 20 °C, the peroxide value of oleogels formed with 9.0 wt% CrBW slowly rises from 3.21 to 6.52 mmol kg⁻¹. Practical Applications: Oleogels prepared here by CrBW and RBO are an innovative structural lipid without trans fats. Useful information on the rich fats and nutrients in CrBW is provided, which reduces the production cost and improves the industrial production capacity.     

基于ANSYS Workbench下芯片的耦合研究

为了研究电子设备在温度较高的环境下电路板元器件散热和在温度载荷下引起的变形,通过ANSYS数值模拟的方法建立流热耦合的电路芯片散热模型,对芯片与电路板表面形成冲击压力进而导致热疲劳进行研究,分析与讨论温度对流场与静力学结构的影响.通过数值模拟分析得出:电路板为铝材质的变形很大,变形从中间凸起;而PCB材料电路板的变形不是局部变形,属于扩散式变形.     

10.5/0.4kV干式变压器承受短路冲击电流能力的分析与研究

本文主要针对AP1000核电机组10.5/0.4kV低压厂用干式变压器的设计规格书与实际设备存在的技术参数偏差,根据GB 1094.5-2008和IEC 60076.5-2005中的相关理论要求,来分析该变压器承受短路冲击电流的能力是否满足要求,为后续项目变压器短路耐受能力验算提供借鉴意义,并提出了后续项目变压器采购过程中的关注点.     

Structure and Properties of Explosion-Welded Joints of Carbon Steels

The structure and mechanical properties of bimetallic joints of the same and different types, i.e., iron and steels St3, 45, and 85, are studied after explosion welding and subsequent heating. The cladding and the base layer have a thickness of 2.5 and 12 mm, respectively. It is shown that bending of explosion-welded joints from same-type and different-type steels is accompanied by an anomalous phenomenon of local softening of the near-weld zone in the region of residual deformation with degree ε = 2 – 9%.     

Viscosity of Conventional Cryolite-Alumina Melts

Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals - Viscosity of conventional cryolite-alumina melts NaF–AlF3–CaF2–Al2O3 with a cryolite ratio (xNaF/xAlF3, mol/mol) 2.3 was studied in...