Dewatered alum sludge: a potential adsorbent for phosphorus removal.

Alum sludge refers to the by-product from the processing of drinking water in water treatment works. In this study, groups of batch experiments were designed to identify the characteristics of dewatered alum sludge for phosphorus adsorption. Air-dried alum sludge (moisture content 10.2%), which was collected from a water treatment works in Dublin, was subjected to artificial P-rich wastewater adsorption tests using KH2PO4 as a model P source. Adsorption behaviours were investigated as a function of amount and particle size of alum sludge, pH of solution and adsorption time. The results have shown that pH plays a major role not only in the adsorption process but also in the adsorption capacity. With regard to adsorption capacity, this study reveals the Langmuir adsorption isotherm being the best fit with experimental data (R2 = 0.98-0.99). The maximum adsorption capacities range from 0.7 to 3.5 mg-P/g when the pH of the synthetic P solution was varied from 9.0 to 4.3, accordingly. The outcome of this study indicated that alum sludge is suitable for use as an adsorbent for removal of phosphate from wastewater.     

1,5-己二烯交联烯烃聚合物的合成及其抗剪切稳定性

以金属配合物为催化剂、1,5-己二烯为交联剂,采用本体聚合法合成了交联超高相对分子质量烯烃类聚合物(简称交联聚合物)。用傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振、凝胶渗透色潜表征交联聚合物的结构和相对分子质量。用旋转黏度计和超声波仪研究了1,5-己二烯用量对交联聚合物溶液表观黏度的影响及交联聚合物的相对分子质量对交联聚合物溶液抗剪切稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,在最佳聚合条件(单体80mL、助催化剂0．4mL、CS-1催化剂0．090g、1,5-己二烯0．40mL、0℃、24 b)下所合成的交联聚合物的重均相对分子质量为7．7×106,数均相对分子质量3．6×106。加入少量1,5-己二烯能提高交联聚合物的抗剪切能力,同时也能提高交联聚合物的相对分子质量。交联聚合物的相对分子质量越大,抗剪切稳定性越好。1,5-己二烯用量约为0．1 mL时(单体40 mL),交联聚合物溶液的表观黏度达到最大值(16．8 mPa·s)。     

数字化蓄热式钢包烘烤器及自动控制系统

蓄热式燃烧技术和脉冲燃烧技术是新型的节能环保燃烧技术。数字化蓄热式钢包烘烤器控制系统利用数字化脉冲控制把这两项技术结合在一起。这大大降低了能耗，减少环境污染。本文针对数字化蓄热式钢包烘烤器，提出升温阶段采用自寻优算法，不断调整换向时间，并能记忆最优参数，保证经过几次烘烤后系统整体最优；保温阶段即采用脉冲控制的方法。     

Fenton氧化法去除酱油生产废水中焦糖色素的研究

着重考察了Fenton试剂对水中焦糖色素降解的影响因素.从试验中得出,这些影响因素包括pH、催化剂的投加方式、催化剂与氧化剂的化学计量数以及反应时间等.Fenton反应中,pH4的条件下处理效果最好,反应进行40min时去除率达到90%.     

Growth Defects in Langasite Crystals Observed with White Beam Synchrotron Radiation Topography

Langasite single crystal was grown by the Czochralski method and its perfection was assessed by white beam synchrotron radiation topography. It is found that the growth core and the growth striations are the primary growth defects and they show strong X-ray kinematical contrast in the topographs. Another typical defect in LGS crystal is dislocation. The formation mechanisms of these growth defects in LGS crystals were discussed.     

Synthesis and Interfacial Tension Behavior of Heavy Alkyl Benzene Sulfonates

Heavy alkyl benzene sulfonates (HABS) were synthesized, and their interfacial tensions were measured and compared with those of petroleum sulfonates ORS-41. Effects of their coupling with lignosulfonate were also studied. The results showed that HABS exhibited good interfacial activities and the system of HABS blending with LS displayed better interfacial activities than ORS-41 and therefore reduced the prime cost. Their best proportions of synergism were from 3:1 to 4:1. HABS might be a more promising alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding agent.     

Calibrated Free-Space Microwave Measurements With an Ultrawideband Reflectometer-Antenna System

We present a 3-12 GHz compact mixer-based reflectometer (CMR) and horn antenna system, and demonstrate its use in detecting backscatter signals with a free space calibration procedure. We evaluate the frequency-domain performance of the CMR-antenna system for measuring the complex reflection coefficient of a dielectric slab and compare it with that of a commercial vector network analyzer (VNA)-antenna setup. Time-domain responses are also investigated, and show the effectiveness of this calibration method. This low-cost, compact system eliminates the need for traditional mechanical standards and a VNA, is effective in reducing reflection artifacts, and allows for flexibility in the placement of reference planes; thus it is well suited for array-based imaging applications     

水工混凝土修补技术应用

针对水工混凝土的老化病害,介绍了不同类型修补材料的特点、性能、适用范围,以及修补技术应用中的一些实例和经验。     

用于制备膨体颗粒调剖剂的含油污泥除油技术研究

利用含油污泥制备膨体颗粒调剖剂用于调剖堵水是一种新的污泥资源化技术，研究了含油污泥的预处理方法，尤其是除油技术。分别使用热水酸洗、热水酸洗／除油剂对污泥进行了除油试验，并以干泥含油率为指标考察了pH值、水与泥质量比、除油剂用量对除油效果的影响。试验结果表明，在水与泥质量比为2．0、pH值为6．0、45℃条件下，用矿化水热水酸洗可使干泥含油率从31．5％降至19．4％。同样条件下，除油剂用量为40．0mg／L时，热水酸洗／除油剂处理能使干泥含油率进一步降至11．2％。聚合试验结果表明，经热水酸洗／除油剂处理后的污泥能够聚合得到胶块强度高、膨胀倍数高的膨体颗粒调剖剂。     

Synthesis of amphiphilic magnetic microspheres by dispersion copolymerization of styrene and poly(ethylene oxide) macromonomer

Amphiphilic magnetic microspheres ranging in diameter from 5 to 100 µm were prepared by dispersion copolymerization of styrene and poly(ethylene oxide) vinylbenzyl (PEO‐VB) macromonomer (MPEO) in the presence of Fe₃O₄ magnetic fluid. The effects of various polymerization parameters on the average particle size were systematically investigated. The average particle size was found to increase with increasing styrene concentration and initiator concentration. It also increased with decreasing stabilizer concentration and molecular weight of MPEO. The content of the hydroxyl groups localized in the microspheres ranged from 0.01 to 0.2 mmol g^?1. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry