Performance of calibration models for evaluation of apples sensory texture with contact acoustic emission detector (CAED) was studied. For model evaluation and testing, 2500 apples of 19 cultivars were harvested over two seasons. Apples were stored at normal atmosphere (NA), controlled atmosphere (CA) for different periods or were treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) in order to obtain a high variability of texture and fruit maturity. Apples were tested simultaneously in two distinct laboratories. The models were created and validated on averaged values from 10 fruits using simple linear regression, multiple linear regression (MLR) and principal component regression (PCR). Performance statistics of the models were expressed in terms of determination coefficient (R2), root mean square errors of cross validation (RMSECV) or prediction (RMSEP) and ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD). Firmness and total acoustic emission counts were predictors of sensory texture in the models. MLR and PCR models show better performance for prediction of sensory data than simple linear regression models however PCR models show the best results among models tested in this study. Common PCR models for several cultivars allow for successful prediction of hardness (RPD > 2.0), crispness and overall texture (1.5 < RPD < 2.0). The single-cultivar PCR models, constructed on data sets containing 26-39 averaged values, reveal significantly better performance (RPD > 2.0 for most of the cases) than the common PCR models for many varieties. 相似文献
Herein, we describe a reduced‐scale test (“Cube” test), measuring the fire performance of specimens including a fire barrier (FB) and a flammable core material, which acts as the main fuel load. The specimen is intended to reproduce a cross‐section of a composite product where heat/mass transfer occurs primarily in a direction perpendicular to the FB. The Cube test procedure and benefits are discussed in this work by adopting residential upholstery furniture as an exemplary study. One flexible polyurethane foam, one polypropylene cover fabric, and 10 commercially available FBs were selected. They were used to compare the fire performance of FBs, measured in terms of peak of heat release rate, in the ASTM E1474‐14 standard test and the newly developed Cube test. Edge effects severely affected the performance of FBs in the ASTM E1474‐14 standard test but not in the Cube test. Furthermore, appropriate test conditions were determined in the Cube test to measure the so‐called “wetting point,” that is, the time and value of heat release rate measured when flammable liquid products were first observed on the bottom of the specimen. The relevance of the “wetting point” in terms of full‐scale fire performance and failure mechanism of FBs is discussed. 相似文献
From a business process perspective, the business value of information technologies (IT) stems from how they improve or enable business processes. At the same time, in the field of strategic IT/business alignment, the locus of discussion has been how IT/business partnerships enhance the value of IT. Despite this apparent relationship, the business process perspective has been absent from the IT/business alignment discussion. In this paper, we use the case of an industrial company to develop a model for understanding IT/business partnerships in business process terms. Based on our findings, we define these partnerships by allocating responsibilities between central IT and the local business during two stages of a process lifecycle: formation and standardization. The significance of the findings lies in how the model’s configuration leads to different types of IT units’ process centricity. This in turn affects the ability of the company as a whole to transform its operations with IT. 相似文献
When model transformations are used to implement consistency relations between very large models, incrementality plays a cornerstone role in detecting and resolving inconsistencies efficiently when models are updated. Given a directed consistency relation between two models, the problem studied in this work consists in propagating model changes from a source model to a target model in order to ensure consistency while minimizing computational costs. The mechanism that enforces such consistency is called consistency maintainer and, in this context, its scalability is a required non-functional requirement. State-of-the-art model transformation engines with support for incrementality normally rely on an observer pattern for linking model changes, also known as deltas, to the application of model transformation rules, in so-called dependencies, at run time. These model changes can then be propagated along an already executed model transformation. Only a few approaches to model transformation provide domain-specific languages for representing and storing model changes in order to enable their use in asynchronous, event-based execution environments. The principal contribution of this work is the design of a forward change propagation mechanism for incremental execution of model transformations, which decouples dependency tracking from change propagation using two innovations. First, the observer pattern-based model is replaced with dependency injection, decoupling domain models from consistency maintainers. Second, a standardized representation of model changes is reused, enabling interoperability with EMF-compliant tools, both for defining model changes and for processing them asynchronously. This procedure has been implemented in a model transformation engine, whose performance has been evaluated experimentally using the VIATRA CPS benchmark. In the experiments performed, the new transformation engine shows gains in the form of several orders of magnitude in the initial phase of the incremental execution of the benchmark model transformation and change propagation is performed in real time for those model sizes that are processable by other tools and, in addition, is able to process much larger models.
We will consider a convex subset of a metric linear space and a certain group of actions G on this set, that allow us to define the notion of Haar zero measure on sets that have zero Haar measure for the translation (by adding) invariant HSY prevalence theory. In this way, we will be able to define the meaning of G-prevalent set according to the pioneering work of Christensen. Our setting considers problems which take into account the convex structure and this is quite different from the previous results on prevalence which consider basically the linear additive structure. In this setting, we will show a kind of quantitative Kupka–Smale theorem, and also we generalize a result about rotation numbers which was first considered by J.-C. Yoccoz (and, also by M. Tsujii). Among other things we present an estimation of the amount of hyperbolicity in a setting that we believe was not considered before. 相似文献