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31.
32.
基于实际井眼轨迹的抽油杆柱API设计方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目前的抽油杆柱设计方法大都基于设计井眼轨迹或经验公式,因此设计的抽油杆柱与井眼的匹配性并没有达到最优,结果可能影响了抽油杆柱的受力特性和寿命。概述了目前现有的抽油杆柱设计方法,提出了基于实际井眼轨迹的抽油杆柱API设计方法,即考虑到在三维空间中井下粘滞阻力及动载的影响,利用微单元分析方法计算出轴向载荷与轴向应力,然后在此基础上进行杆柱组合设计,并给出了设计流程。以江苏油田永21-3井为例,对几种设计方法的设计结果进行了对比分析,结果表明,江苏油田目前采用的抽油杆柱设计方法包含了人为经验因素,并不是最优的杆柱设计结果,有待进一步改进。 相似文献
33.
求解二维结构-声耦合问题的一种直接方法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文基于传递矩阵法(TMM)和虚拟边界元法(VBEM),提出了一种求解在谐激励作用下二维结构-声耦合问题的直接法。文中对任意形状的二维弹性环建立了一阶非齐次运动微分方程组,便于用齐次扩容精细积分法求解,对于含有任意形状孔穴的无穷域流体介质的Helmholtz外问题,采用复数形式的Burton-Miller型组合层势法建立了虚拟边界元方程,保证了声压在全波数域内存在唯一解。根据叠加原理并结合最小二乘法,提出了一种耦合方程的直接解法,由于该方法不存在迭代过程,因而具有较高的计算精度和效率。文中给出了二个典型弹性环在集中谐激励力作用下声辐射算例,计算结果表明本文方法较通常采用的混合FE/BE法更为有效。 相似文献
34.
作者应用地质统计学原理与方法,在山东簸箕李引黄灌区开展大尺度区域水土特性参数时空变异性的研究,描述农田排水、地下水、表层土壤中含盐量的空间与时间变化分布趋势和特征,分析其间存在的相关关系。结果表明,在一个完整的水文循环年内,研究区域的水土特性参数之间具有相近的空间变异分布状态和特点,但却表现出不同的时间变异分布趋势与特征。农田排水和表层土壤的含盐量随季节变化的分布状态在灌区上、下游相对稳定,在中游却变化明显;地下水的盐分浓度在整个灌区的分布状况没有呈现出明显的时间变异性。在春季至初夏时段内,农田排水中含盐量的增加似乎对地下水水质的影响较小,而对表层土壤积盐状况影响较大。研究成果为灌区制定合理的水资源利用与农田水土管理策略提供了理论依据。 相似文献
35.
Hybrid monolithic materials were prepared through polymerisation of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) mixed with zirconium alkoxides (Zr(OBun)4, Zr(OPrn)4 and Zr(OEt)4), modified by acetylacetonate groups. The molar ratio HEMA/Zr varied between 1 and 4. Thermo-Gravimetry coupled with Mass Spectroscopy (TG-MS) analyses, 13C MAS NMR and Dynamical Mechanical Thermal Analysys (DMTA) indicated the polymeric chains were interconnected by the inorganic component.The presence of zirconium alkoxides modified substantially the poly-HEMA properties. Glass transition temperature of hybrid materials derived from butoxy and propoxy was found in the range 50-80 °C, depending on the composition. The typical swelling of p-HEMA in the water, was suppressed by the presence of zirconium compounds. After immersion in distilled water, hybrid polymers showed an initial slight weight increase, followed by a small mass loss, which increases proportionally to the length of alkoxyl group (ethoxide(propoxide(butoxide) and reaches a constant value after about 40 days. The hybrids remained always rigid and transparent. Flexural modulus and strength of about 400-900 and 4-8 MPa were measured. 相似文献
36.
37.
A mechanical model is presented in this paper to describe the initiating and propagating of brittle cracks. Two criteria have been deduced from the model to determine the effects of such factors as local stress state, surface and grain boundary energies as well as local grain boundary orientation on the initiating and propagating of both intergranular and transgranular brittle cracks. By which the role of adding B in Ni3Al base alloys to improve their ductility,temper and hydrogen embrittlements in steels and other alloys as well as the random feature of brittle crack initiation could be explained 相似文献
38.
We discuss circuit parameters that limit the precision of basic dynamic current-memory cells. In addition to analyzing current-copying errors caused by the finite output conductances of the current sources and by the clock-feedthrough (CFT) of the feedback switches, we analyze the noise performance of the basic memory cell. To reduce CFT and noise, we propose a novel circuit based on Miller capacitance-enhancement. Measurement results of memory cells integrated in a 1-μm CMOS process confirm the theoretical findings; with our CFT and noise reduction technique based on Miller enhanced capacitance and dummy switches, we achieve a dynamic range of 11 b at clock frequencies greater than 100 kHz 相似文献
39.
B Antonsson DB Kassel G Di Paolo R Lutjens BM Riederer G Grenningloh 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,273(14):8439-8446
SCG10 is a neuron-specific, membrane-associated protein that is highly concentrated in growth cones of developing neurons. Previous studies have suggested that it is a regulator of microtubule dynamics and that it may influence microtubule polymerization in growth cones. Here, we demonstrate that in vivo, SCG10 exists in both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms. By two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, two phosphoisoforms were detected in neonatal rat brain. Using in vitro phosphorylated recombinant protein, four phosphorylation sites were identified in the SCG10 sequence. Ser-50 and Ser-97 were the target sites for protein kinase A, Ser-62 and Ser-73 for mitogen-activated protein kinase and Ser-73 for cyclin-dependent kinase. We also show that overexpression of SCG10 induces a disruption of the microtubule network in COS-7 cells. By expressing different phosphorylation site mutants, we have dissected the roles of the individual phosphorylation sites in regulating its microtubule-destabilizing activity. We show that nonphosphorylatable mutants have increased activity, whereas mutants in which phosphorylation is mimicked by serine-to-aspartate substitutions have decreased activity. These data suggest that the microtubule-destabilizing activity of SCG10 is regulated by phosphorylation, and that SCG10 may link signal transduction of growth or guidance cues involving serine/threonine protein kinases to alterations of microtubule dynamics in the growth cone. 相似文献
40.
L Giorgi A Di Filippo A Franchini L Rizzo S Benvenuti M Conti GP Novelli 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,60(1-2):43-47
OBJECTIVE: The reflex response to orotracheal intubation provokes an increase of arterial pressure accompanied by an increase of chorioides volume and a consequent ocular hypertone. There are several methods to reduce the reflex response due to intubation. One of the most effective is topical anaesthesia of larynx and trachea. Experiments were directed to evaluate the efficacy of topical anaesthesia to reduce the intraocular hypertone due to orotracheal intubation. DESIGN: A prospective randomized mask study was conduct on patients undergoing ophthalmologic (anterior segment) surgery at the Eye Clinic of Florence University. METHODS: Intraocular pressure was measured by a Goldman tonometer at four times: T0 = basal, T1 = 2' minutes after induction of general anaesthesia, T2 = 2' minutes after laryngoscopy, T3 = 2' minutes after orotracheal intubation. At the same moments, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, rate pressure pro duct were measured. Patients were randomly divided in two groups: Group L (n = 10) in which was evaluated the efficacy of laryngotracheal topical spray of lidocaine 4% (2 ml) and Group F (n = 10) in which saline was used instead of anesthetic. The filling of the LTA kit (Abbott) was made by a person not involved in the experiments. DATA ANALYSIS: Student's t test for unpaired data. RESULTS: Topical anaesthesia reduces the increase of intraocular pressure, hypertension and rate pressure product due to intubation. The intraocular pressure reduces to 13% less than basal value in Group L and increase to 50% more than basal value in Group F. CONCLUSION: The topical anaesthesia of larynx and trachea is effective to reduce the intraocular hypertension due to the reflex response evoked by orotracheal intubation. 相似文献