Stabilizers for nitrate ester-based energetic materials and their mechanism of action: a state-of-the-art review

Aliphatic nitrate esters are currently the most widely used energetic ingredients in single-, double-, and triple-base propellants. These nitrate esters are unstable at ambient conditions, and stabilizing agents should be incorporated into the energetic compositions to inhibit and slow down the decomposition reactions that can occur. However, the currently used stabilizers present a number of environmental and human health issues. To overcome these shortcomings, many stabilizers have been appeared in the past few decades and continue to be developed. Furthermore, several analytical techniques have been introduced to monitor the stability of nitrate ester-based energetic materials as well, since the existing ones could not be efficiently applied. Therefore, this review paper discusses and summarizes the current and emergent stabilizers as well as their mechanisms of action. A critical and analytical examination of their advantages and drawbacks is made.     

Routing Protocol Based on Tabu Search for Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper investigates the proposition of a new routing protocol for wireless sensor networks called TSRP (Tabu Search based Routing Protocol). In this protocol, we use the mechanism of the meta-heuristic Tabu search to route the data from the sensor (that has sense the events) to the sink. This mechanism is used to select the next sensor that will route the data based on a cost function (considering the energy and the visibility of this sensor compared to the sink). Simulation results, on a car parking application, show that TSRP prolongs the network lifetime than the existing protocols.