Effects of Feeding Protected Tallow on Composition of Milk and Milk Fat

Official methods were used to analyze composite samples of milk collected during the first 15 wk of lactation from 21 Holstein cows fed a milled ration containing 0 (basal), 15% (medium), or 30% (high) protected-tallow supplement (seven cows per treatment). Protein fractions and amino acid composition of the total proteins were determined from samples of individual milking. Melting characteristics of pooled samples were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. Milk yield was similar for the three treatments, but percent fat and fat yield were higher for cows fed protected tallow. Percentages and yields of protein and solids-not-fat were decreased on the protected tallow treatments, especially for high tallow. The decrease in protein was in the casein fraction. Amino acid composition of the total proteins was similar for the three treatments. Feeding protected tallow caused decreases in all fatty acids except 4:0, 16:1, 18:0, and 18:1 which increased. Nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that butter from the basal group would be harder than that from cows fed protected tallow.     

Zur antibakteriellen und antimykotischen Wirkung quaternärer Ammoniumverbindungen

Antibacterial and Antimycotic Action of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds The minimum inhibiting concentration of various quaternary ammonium compounds on dermatologically relevant microbes is reported. The surfactants tested are especially suited against S. aureus, S. pyogenes, and, to a lesser extent against C. albicans. They are less active against P. aeruginosa and dermatophytes. These studies are complemented by examination of the liberation of an active quaternary ammonium compound from two different donor phases in various acceptor phases. Since in pyoderma and C. albicans infections the aqueous acceptor phase predominates, differentiated statements can be made on the usefulness of various externa bases.     

Wirkung von Diisocyanat als reaktiver Koppler in TPU/PA6-Blends

To improve materials performance like the temperature of deformation under flexural load of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) blending with thermoplastics is sensible. A good compatibilization and phase adhesion of thermodynamical incompatible blend-components can be achieved by the use of the right coupling agents. In the case of blends with TPU and PA6 diisocyanate is given into the melt during the extrusion. Through the chemical reactions effects of compatibilization are achieved in the cases of blends with polyesterpolyurethanes and PA6 produced by extrusion and injection moulding and by reactions in solution, too. These could be perceived as consequence of MDI-initiated reactions within the phase boundary layer. The possible reactions with the PA6-phase will be discussed by the use of a model-system made in solution. No effects of compatibilization by MDI could be proved in the polyetherpolyurethan/PA6-system. The chemical characterization of the blends was realized by GPC and FTIR whereas the properties of the morphology are proved with the help of DSC, DMA and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).     

Effects of intense exercise training on endothelium-dependent exercise-induced vasodilatation

To analyse the accuracy of the conversion formulae for estimation of glycohaemoglobin (GHb) measured by different methods, we analysed 210 samples for HbA1c using HPLC. Fifty of these specimens were analysed by micro-column chromatography (MC), 43 by electrophoresis (EP), 50 by IMX system (Abbott Laboratories), 38 by Primus HPLC and 29 by Diamat HPLC. Regression analyses were performed and the equations were used to estimate HbA1c values (HbA1c calc) for the five methods. The 95% limits of agreement between HPLC and the converted results were -1.77 to 1.71%, -1.54 to 1.54%, -0.92 to 0.88%, -0.46 to 0.56%, and -0.39 to 0.41% for MC, EP, IMX, Primus and Diamat equations, respectively. The mean relative errors were 3.4 (-28.2 to 35%), 1.3 (-22.9 to 25.5%), 0.4 (-14.6 to 15.0%), 0.51 (-6.55 to 7.57%), -0.20 (-5.8 to 5.4%), for MC, EP, IMX, Primus and Diamat, respectively. These results show that conversion formulae based on methods that do not measure HbA1c (MC, EP and IMX) are inaccurate and can mask a clinically relevant variation of HbA1c. However, GHb results obtained by HPLC methods could be interchangeably converted with an absolute variation of less than 1%. Converted HbA1c results from non-standardized methods should be interpreted with caution.     

Low-cycle fatigue behavior of Mn/N stainless steels

The low-cycle fatigue behavior of AISI 201 and 202, Mn/N stabilized austenitic stainless steels has been investigated. The fatigue life under controlled strain cycling conditions was determined and correlated with microstructural and fractographic observations. It was determined that both α′ (BCC) and ε (HCP) martensitic phases formed as a result of either monotonie or cyclic deformation in both steel compositions, but the two differed considerably in the amount of martensites formed. AISI 201 steel formed up to 90 vol. pet of α′ and was found to have a shorter fatigue life than AISI 202, which only formed a few tenths of a percent of α′. Comparisons with three other austenitic stainless steels are made.

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Formerly a Research Assistant     

Caffeine-stimulated lipolysis in relation to pathologic pregnancy

In an acute experiment the effect of Coffeinum-Sodium-salicylicum (3 mg/kg body weight) on the parameter of lipolysis Free Fatty Acids (FFA) and free glycerin in early pregnancy is investigated. On the base of literature data the possibility of labour induction due to high blood-values of FFA and glycerin is explained and the importance of the coffeine-stimulated lipolysis in pregnancy is discussed. To prevent one possible cause of abortus or miscarriage it is recommended to restrict taking coffee during pregnancy.     

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