基于导数分析的反应器网络综合方法

对反应器网络综合问题进行了研究，分析了瞬时选择性对关键组份组成的偏导数与最佳反应器类型之间的关系，给出了确定最优反应器的三条规则。对δS/δC符号不变的反应体系，用这些规则可获得最优反应器网络。对一般的反应体系，假设了五种典型S－CA曲线所对应的反应过程，分别对不同曲线类型给出了确定最优反应器网络的方法。此外，按本文方法所得的最优反应器网络结构是一个CSTR或PFR或由CSTR、PFR组成的串联结构。由dS/dCA的符号及其变化情况决定。给出了两个说明本文方法的例子，结果表明本文方法简单并可获得与文献相同或相似的结果。     

Synthesis and optical properties of polyacetylenes containing nonlinear optical chromophores

High molecular weight polyacetylenes bearing nonlinear chromophoric pendants poly[4-ethynyl-4′-(N,N-diethylamino)azobenzene-co-phenylacetylene]s [poly(EAAB-co-PA)s] were synthesized in moderate yields by [Rh(nbd)Cl]₂-Et₃N. The azo unit in the copolymers can be effectively controlled by the monomer feed ratio. Whereas the homopolymer of EAAB possessed low solubility, all the copolymers, however, dissolved readily in common organic solvents when the poly(EAAB) molar content was less than 41.7%. The structures and properties of the polymers were characterized and evaluated by UV, NMR, optical limiting, and nonlinear optical analyses. All the copolymers possessed high stereoregularity and thermal stability (≥300 °C). They can attenuate intense laser pulses, with solutions of high concentrations showing better performances. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility of the copolymers was as high as 4.62×10⁻¹¹ esu, which are two orders of magnitude larger than those of poly(PA), and larger than that of poly(N-carbazoylacetylene), and poly(1-naphthylacetylene).     

Influence of current density on oxygen transfer in an electroflotation cell

The objective of this work is to study the transfer of oxygen from gas to liquid phase in an electroflotation cell. The measurements were performed in a laboratory scale cell using insoluble electrodes, titanium coated with ruthenium oxide as anode and stainless steel as cathode. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient K _L a, was characterized for clean tap water as liquid phase for different values of current density (J). The global coefficient of mass transfer based on the liquid film, K _L , and the specific interfacial area, a, were characterized. A model which relates K _L a to current density was established. Different evaluation criteria of oxygen transfer in electroflotation process were determined and compared with other aeration process.     

废旧电池中有价金属回收利用探讨

随着中国经济的稳步发展和投资环境的不断优化,中国已成为电池的制造和消费大国,每年产生数亿只废旧电池。对废旧电池的回收利用已成为全社会关注的问题。介绍了废旧电池中有价金属的回收利用方法,着重介绍了锂离子二次电池正极材料有价金属的回收利用方法。指出,中国商品化的正极材料只有钴酸锂（LiCoO2）,这种正极材料钴含量高,且钴价值高,并且回收工艺可行,因此,从钴酸锂正极材料中回收钴等有价金属,对发展中国的循环经济具有重要意义。同时介绍了锂离子二次电池正极材料的研究现状。     

废钴钼系催化剂中金属的全回收新工艺研究

开发了一种用于废Co/Mo/γ-Al2O3催化剂的金属全回收工艺.首先将催化剂在通空气的情况下进行氧化燃烧以除去碳和硫.焙烧后样品经浓氨水多次浸取,得到的溶液部分先用锌置换络合物中的少量钴,之后加硝酸回收MoO3;氨浸后的滤渣用硫酸溶解,加硫酸铵分离出氨明矾,以去掉大部分铝;所得少量浓缩液去掉铁等杂质之后,加过量氨使钴形成络合物,再用锌粉置换出金属钴粉.Mo、Al、Co的回收率分别大于90%、85%和90%.     

共沉淀法制备三元系铋基焦绿石型陶瓷粉体

采用改进的Mergen A．方案，用氧化锌、三氧化二铋、三氧化二锑为原料，氨水、草酸铵和碳酸铵分别为沉淀剂，盐酸为溶剂，用共沉淀法成功制备了亚微米级颗粒、高活性的铋基Bi1.5ZnSb1.5O7（BZS）焦绿石型介电陶瓷粉体。探讨了用不同的沉淀剂、在不同的烧结温度所得产物的形态。结果表明氨水做沉淀剂在570℃就可生成纯的焦绿石结构。与Mergen A方法相比成本大大降低，可以使瓷片组织的均匀性提高，电性能得到改善，电压梯度下降。     

The ageing Australian firefighter: an argument for age-based recruitment and fitness standards for urban fire services

Currently, there is no enforcement of physical standards within Australian fire services post-recruitment, possibly leading to inappropriate fitness and body composition. This study evaluated the impacts of ageing on physical standards of Australian firefighters. Seventy-three firefighters from three different 10-year age groups [25–34 years (n = 27), 35–44 years (n = 27), 45–54 years (n = 19)] volunteered for physical testing using dual-energy X-ray analysis and existing fitness tests used for recruitment by an Australian fire service. Older (45–54 years) participants demonstrated significantly poorer physical standards compared with younger participants including cardiovascular fitness (p < 0.05), strength (p = 0.001) and simulated operational power testing tasks (p < 0.001). Age-related body composition changes were also observed independent of body mass index. Minimum recruitment standards and fitness programs need to account for age-related declines in physical capabilities to ensure that the minimum standard is maintained regardless of age.

Practitioner Summary: Using dual-energy X-ray analysis and established fitness testing protocols, this study aimed to gain an appreciation of the current standards of body composition and fitness of Australian firefighters and the effects of ageing on their physical abilities post-recruitment. The study demonstrated a significant decline in physical standards due to age.     

A New Nonlinear Controller for Trajectory Tracking of the Longitudinal Dynamics of a Small Scale Helicopter

A nonlinear control scheme is proposed for the trajectory tracking problem of a small scale helicopter’s longitudinal dynamics. The control scheme is based on a control design procedure that constructs static feedback regulators for nonlinear systems which are linearizable by dynamic feedback. Besides, the flatness characteristics of the helicopter’s longitudinal dynamics are used to design the desired trajectory. The controller proposed is based on the longitudinal model of the small scale helicopter including the main rotor and stabilizer bar dynamics. Sufficient conditions are given to guarantee asymptotic convergence to zero of the tracking error and to keep the main rotor thrust always negative assuming that all the helicopter’s parameters are known and that all helicopter’s states are measured. Numerical simulations are given to show the performance of the controller in the presence of the main rotor and stabilizer bar dynamics.     

并行企业运作--基于并行工程的过程企业管理

针对过程企业,基于并行工程的思想,提出了过程企业运作管理的新思想--并行企业运作,并采用IDEFO(ICAM Defintion)功能建模方法,建立了集成并行的业务过程模型,在每个业务过程内部采用"监控-决策-执行"的实时信息反馈系统,以实现企业各业务过程之间的信息交互与资源共享.     

吡氟禾草灵的合成

以对苯二酚、2-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶为原料通过先醚化得到4-（5-（三氟甲基）吡啶-2-苯氧基）苯酚，再与R-甲磺酰乳酸丁酯进行醚化反应得到吡氟禾草灵，所得产物化学结构经核磁共振谱、质谱等确证。反应总收率在42．0％以上，含量（HPLC）达93．0％。