Neutral-Ionic Transition of (BEDT-TTF)(ClMeTCNQ) Studied by ESR Under Pressure

The electron spin susceptibility of (BEDT-TTF)(ClMeTCNQ) was measured by ESR under pressure. Analysis of the susceptibility leads to the temperature dependence of the ionic fraction through the neutral-ionic phase transition, revealing that the transition is broad and continuous. It is demonstrated that this transition is crossover-like between the two phases, which can be understood by the unique double-well potential.     

Magnetic Correlation in BETS2(Cl2TCNQ)

We carried out⁷⁷Se NMR measurements on BETS₂(Cl₂TCNQ) under pressure in order to investigate the magnetic properties of the insulating state which appears above 0.6 GPa. The relaxation rate 1/T₁ at 0.7 GPa shows small peak-like anomaly at 20 K, indicating a spin density wave transition as observed in BETS₂(Br₂TCNQ).     

Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Film on Titanium Substrate by Sputtering Technique

Radiofrequeut magnetron sputtering technique was used to produce calcium phosphate coated on the titurdum substrates, and the sputtered coating films were crystallized in an autoclave at 110℃ using a low temperature hydrothermal technique. The crystallization of as-sputtered coating film on the titanium substrates were amorphous calcium phosphate film. However, after the hydrothermal technique, calcium phosphate crystals grew and these were cohumnar crystal. The Ca/P ratio of sputtered coating films in 1.6 to 2.0.     

Demonstration of a fully spatial coherent X-ray laser at 13.9 nm

We have recently reported the successful development of a fully coherent X-ray laser (XRL) at 13.9 nm by an oscillator-amplifier configuration with two targets. In the experiment, a seed XRL beam from the first target is injected into a plasma amplifier at the second target. The observed XRL beam has full spatial coherence and 0.2 mrad of nearly diffraction-limited divergence. In order to improve the output fluence, the amplification properties of the XRL beam have been investigated using various plasma lengths of the second amplifier target. The output energy has been improved by a factor of ten, increasing the length of the gain region to 10 mm, resulting in about 0.2 /spl mu/J of output energy.     

Combinatorial pulsed laser deposition and thermoelectricity of (La1−xCax)VO3 composition-spread films

La_1−xCa_xVO₃ composition-spread film library was fabricated by combinatorial pulsed laser deposition and their thermoelectric properties were evaluated paralelly by the multi-channel probes of Seebeck coefficient and electric conductivity. Concurrent X-ray analysis verified the formation of solid soluted films in the full composition range (0x1) as judged from the linear variation of the lattice constants. The Seebeck coefficients of La_1−xCa_xVO₃ changed from a large negative value to almost zero with the increase of x, due presumably to the variation of valence in vanadium ions.The power factor in this library was as high as 0.6 μW/cm K², which was obtained at x=0, i.e. pure LaVO₃ grown at 800 °C.     

Activities of Phosphorus in Copper‐Iron Liquid Alloys Saturated with Copper‐Iron Solid Solutions

In order to determine the activities of phosphorus and iron in liquid {Cu‐Fe‐P} alloys, the two coexisting phases of liquid {Cu‐Fe‐P} alloys + <Cu‐Fe‐P> solid solutions were brought into equilibrium with a mixture of Al₂O₃ + AlPO₄ + Fe_xAl₂O₄ at temperatures of 1416K and 1526K. The oxygen partial pressures were measured with the aid of a solid‐oxide galvanic cell of the type: (+)Mo / Mo + MoO₂/ ZrO₂(MgO) / {Cu‐Fe‐P} + <Cu‐Fe‐P> + <Al₂O₃> + <AlPO₄> + <FeAl₂O₄> / Fe(‐) The equilibrium reactions underlying the experiments can be expressed by 2[P]_cu + (5/2) (O₂) + <Al₂O₃> = 2 <AlPO₄> and x[Fe]_Cu + (1/2) (O₂) + <Al₂O₃> = <Fe_xAl₂O₄> The Henrian activity coefficient referred to 1 wt pct solution in pure liquid copper could be well expressed by the formula log f_P° = (4.46±0.40) ‐ (8.67±0.59)/(T/K). The iron activities referred to pure solid iron could be formulated as log a_Fe =‐ (0.37 ± 0.12) + (500 ±200) /(T/K).     

38. R&D on hydrogen production by high-temperature electrolysis of steam

One of the objectives of the high-temperature engineering test reactor (HTTR) is to demonstrate the effectiveness of high-temperature nuclear heat utilization, which aims to extend the application of nuclear heat to non-electric fields, especially to hydrogen production. As part of the development of the hydrogen production processes, laboratory-scale experiments of a high-temperature electrolysis of steam (HTES) had been carried out with a practical electrolysis tube with 12 solid-oxide cells connected in series. Using this electrolysis tube, hydrogen was produced at the maximum density of 44 N cm³/cm² h at a electrolysis temperature of 950 °C. Thereafter, to improve hydrogen production performance, a self-supporting planar electrolysis cell with a practical size (80 mm × 80 mm of electrolysis area) was fabricated. In the preliminary electrolysis experiment carried out at 850 °C, the planar cell produced hydrogen at the maximum density of 38 N cm³/cm² h, and the energy efficiency was almost as high as that obtained with the electrolysis tube at 950 °C. However, both electrolysis tubes and planar cells did not keep their integrity in one thermal cycle. Durability of the solid-oxide cell against the thermal cycle is one of the key issues of HTES.     

TRADE‐OFF BETWEEN APPROXIMATION ACCURACY AND COMPLEXITY FOR TS FUZZY MODELS

This paper proposes a transformation method that serves the trade‐off between the modelling complexity and accuracy of multi‐variable Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy inference operator‐based modelling (TS fuzzy modelling). The relation between the number of fuzzy rules and the modelling accuracy is defined in the paper. The proposed transformation method is capable of finding the minimal number of fuzzy rules for a given accuracy of a given TS fuzzy model. A case study, focusing on a benchmark problem of fault diagnosis, developed in the framework of EC‐founded Research Training Network DAMADICS, of an actuator in a sugar factory, is presented to provide feasibility of the proposed method.     

Effect of chitosan-gluconic acid conjugate/poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogels as wound dressing on partial-thickness wounds in diabetic rats

We previously developed chitosan cryogels from chitosan-gluconic acid conjugate without using toxic additives for wound care. In this study, we improved physiological characteristics of the previous cryogels by incorporating poly(vinyl alcohol) that also form cryogels. Mechanical strength of the cryogels was more than two times higher than that of the previous cryogels. Furthermore, the incorporation of poly(vinyl alcohol) enhanced water retention and resistance to degradation of the gels by lysozyme. The cryogels retained the favorable biological properties of the previous cryogels that they accelerate infiltration of inflammatory cells into wound sites. Time period for repairing 50 % of initial area of partial-thickness skin wound treated with the cryogels (4.0 ± 1.1 days) was shorter than those with gauze (6.5 ± 0.3 days) or a commercial hydrogel dressing (5.7 ± 0.3 days). Finally, we confirmed that incorporation of basic fibroblast growth factor into the cryogels was effective to further accelerate wound healing (2.7 ± 1.0 days). These results demonstrate that the cryogels in this study are promising for wound care.     

Three-dimensional rainbow schlieren measurements in underexpanded sonic jets from axisymmetric convergent nozzles

The rainbow schlieren deflectometry has been combined with the computed tomography to obtain three-dimensional density fields of shock containing free jets and we call the method the schlieren CT. Experiments on the schlieren CT have been performed at a nozzle pressure ratio of 4.0 by using an axisymmetric convergent nozzle with an inner diameter of 10 mm at the exit where the nozzle was operated at an underexpanded condition. Multidirectional rainbow schlieren pictures of an underexpanded sonic jet can be acquired by rotating the nozzle about its longitudinal axis in equal angular intervals and the three-dimensional density fields are reconstructed by the schlieren CT. The validity of the schlieren CT is verified by a comparison with the density fields reconstructed by the Abel inversion method. As a result, it is found that excellent quantitative agreement is reached between the three-dimensional jet density fields reconstructed from both methods.